高中语法总结(通用19篇)

时间:2022-12-30 19:44:19 范文大全

作为一名人民教师,教学反思是教师的一项重要工作,其中包括对自己的教学心得体会的总结。下面是范文狗小编为大家收集整理的高中语法总结,多篇合集,全方面满足您的需求,希望能帮到您!

高中语法总结 第1篇

(1)  would rather do sth than do sth 宁愿做……而不愿做……

例:She  would rather die than turn against his

她宁可死也不去背叛祖国。

(2)  would rather have done sth 宁愿过去做过某事

例:I  would rather have taken his

我宁愿过去接受他的意见。

(3)  would rather sb had done sth 宁愿某人过去做过某事

例:I  would rather I had passed the examination last

我真希望通过上星期的考试。

(4)  would rather sb did sth 宁愿某人现在或将来做某事

例:  Who would you rather went with you?

你宁愿谁和你一起去?

(1)  before sb can/ could … 某人还没来得及……

例:Before  I could get in a word ,he had measured

我还没来得及插话,他就给我量好了尺寸。

(2)  It will be +时间+ before + 还有多长时间……

例:It  will be 4 years before he

他还有四年时间变毕业了。

(3)  had done some time before (才……)

例:We  had sailed four days and four nights before we saw

我们航行了四天四夜才见到陆地。

(4)  had not done before 不到……就……

例:We  hadn’t run a mile before he felt

我们还没走到一英里路就觉得累了。

(5)  It was not +一段时间+ before 不多久就……

例:It  wasn’t two years before he left the

还没到两年他们离开了那国家。

高中语法总结 第2篇

(1)  too to do

例:Politics  is too important to be left to the (=Politics is so important that  it can't be left to the )

政治太重要了,不能由政治家来决定。

(2)  only too to do

例:I  shall be only too pleased to get

我要回到家里就非常高兴。

(3)  too + adj + for sth

例:These  shoes are much too small for

我穿这双鞋太小了。

(4)  too + adj + a +

例:This  is too difficult a text for

这篇课文对我来说太难了。

(5)  can't … too +形容词 无论……也不为过

例:We  cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too

我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。

高中语法总结 第3篇

一、不定式与动名词作主语时的比较

不定式和动名词在作主语时常常可以互换: Crying/To cry will not help you out of difficulty 但是要注意以下的几点:

动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作,而不定式作主语通常表示抽象动作,而不定式做主

语通常表示具体动作。试比较:

Living in Beijing must be (泛指行为)

He realized that to live with her any longer was wrong (具体行为) 当主语被否定时,通常用不定式:

Not to have hope is the poorest of all conditions

在It is important/necessary…的结构中,主语只能用不定式,不用动名词:

It is important to grasp the spirit of a foreign language in order to use it It became necessary to build new factories for products never before produced 在It takes+时间等+。¨的结构中,主语常用不定式:

How much cloth will it take to make a shirt?

在There is no … 和It is no good …结构中,通常用动名词 二、不定式与动名词作表语时的比较

不定式和动名词在作表语时常常可以互换: His job is bringing/to bring milk every day

但是,当不定式作主语时,表语用不定式;动名词作主语时,表语也用动名词。

To see is to Seeing is

此外,还应注意以下两点:

主语是it,this,that等指示代词时,表语通常用动名词:

That was playing with

主语是名词时,表语较短时通常用动名词,表语较长时通常用不定式:

My favorite sport is

What I like is to swim in the sea and then to lie on the sand

三、不定式与动名词作宾语时的比较

接不定式或动名词作宾语意义区别不大的动词常见的有:begin,start,continue,love,

like,propose等:

Almost all the boys like to play/playing football . 但以上的动词中有一部分在下列情况下通常用不定式作宾语:

1) 在would like/love/hate等的后面:

I'd like(love)to have a

I'm starting to talk about

3) 当begin后接某些感觉或状态动词时:

She began to see what he

接不定式或动名词作宾语,意义不同的动词或词组常见的有:

1) remember/forget/regret+doing或to do sth

I must remember to ask him (指记住要做的事)

I shall always remember seeing the famous scientist (指记住己经发生过的事) Don’t forget to bring your (不要忘记要做的事)

I will never forget meeting you here (不会忘记曾发生过的事)

I regret telling you so much (懊悔己经作过的事=I'm sorry told you so much。)

I regret to tell you that you have failed your exam(regret发生在to tell之前,=I’m sorry

to tell you…)

可见,上述用法中,动名词指己经发生的事,不定式指发生在renumber, forget或

regret以后的事。要注意:可以用动名词的完成式替代一般式;通常不用*I forgot

doing it 而说:I forgot that I had done it 或I forgot about doing

2) stop/go on/leave of+doing或to do

They stopped smoking (停止吸烟) They stopped to smoke (停下所做的事,开始吸烟) He went on reading (继续读) He went on to (放下原来做的事,转而读书) He left off playing tennis (停止打网球) They left off to play tennis (离开某处去打网球) 以上stop,leave off或go on后面的不定式都不是其宾语,而是作目的状语。 3) try+to do或doing He'll try to finish the work as soon as

Please try putting some more salt- that might make it taste a bit

try to do 中,try是不及物动词,意思是“没法、努力、尽力”,to do sth作目的

状语;try doing sth中,try是及物动词,意思是“尝试、试一试”,看会发生什么情

2) 当这部分动词是进行时态时:

况,动名词作宾语。

4) mean+to do/doing

接不定式时,意思是“有„的意图、打算。

I meant to telephone you last Friday but I didn’t have time

接动名词时,意为“意味着”,“就是„

This kind of illness means going to

接动名词的主动形式表示被动含义,此处也能用不定式的被动形式代换,但用动名词较为常见:

The room wants repairing ( = to be repaired)

The radio needs fixing ( = to be fixed)

6) be afraid+to do sth。或of doing

接带to的不定式时,意为“不敢”做某事,“害怕”做某事: She was afraid to see you

接“of+动名词”时,意为“担心”或“害怕”发生某种情况: 5) need/want/require+doing(=to be done)。

I'm afraid of making mistakes when I speak

7) be interested+to do sth。/in doing sth。

My sister is interested in becoming a

(指她想当医生,动名词表示将要发生的事。)

My sister is interested to be a doctor。

(指她当医生后感到有意思,不定式表示已经发生的事。)

除了一部分既可接不定式、也可按动名词作宾语的动词外,还有一部分动词后面只能接

不定式作宾语;另有一部分动词和成语后只能接动名词作宾语。关于这两点可以参看前面讲到的不定式和动名词条款。

四、to be done,being done或done(作定语)

不定式被动式、现在分词一般被动式与过去分词作定语时,存在时间关系上的区别。例如: The power station to be built next year will be of great benefit to the industry and agriculture of our (to be built指将来 =which will be bui1t)

The power station being built now will be one of the largest in (being built=which is being

The power station built on the river last year has been left to our (built on the river指己完成 = which was bui1t on the river )

五、不定式和分词作宾语补足语时的比较

在see,hear,find等一类表示感觉的动词后:

1) 不带to不定式作宾语补足语,表示其动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生,并强调动作

发生的全过程或事实: We saw the computer operate well 2) 现在分词作宾语补足语,表示其动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生,强调正在进行: We saw the computer operating very well

3) 过去分词则往往表示动作完成的状态:

We found the work of the computer done

表示心理状态的动词:consider,declare, find,prove,think,know,believe,discover,imagine,judge,suppose,understand的宾语补足语一般,用 to be:

We found him to be

You surely can’t consider him to be selfish

高中语法总结 第4篇

(1)  prefer to do sth

例:I  prefer to stay at

我宁愿呆在家里。

(2)  prefer doing sth

例:I  prefer playing in

我喜欢打防守。

(3)  prefer sb to do sth

例:Would  you prefer me to stay?

你愿意我留下来吗?

(4)  prefer to do sth rather than do sth ……

宁愿…而不愿

例句:I  prefer to stay at home rather than go

我宁愿呆在家里而不愿出去.

(5)  prefer doing sth to doing sth

例:I  prefer watching football to playing

我喜欢看篮球,不喜欢打篮球。

(6)  prefer sth to sth

例:I  prefer tea to

我要茶不要咖啡。

高中语法总结 第5篇

Join和join in是英语学习中非常容易混淆的点,许多人在应用过程中经常会出错。其实只要掌握其中的技巧,就非常好区分。下面小编就为大家详细解释一下join和join in如何使用。

Join和join in的基本词义

join

英 [d???n]美 [d???n]

连接;联结;加入;参加

结合;参与;上(火车、飞机等);上(路)

连接;结合;接合处;接合点

例句

know you willjoinme in wishing them

我知道你会同我一起祝愿他们诸事顺遂的。

expect up to 300,000 protesters tojointhe

组织者们预计会有多达30万名的抗议者参加这次游行。

says she longs tojoinan amateur dramatics

安杰拉说她渴望参加业余戏剧班。

join in

英 [d??in in]美 [d???n ?n]

参加,加入;

例句

hope that everyone will be able tojoin inthe

我希望每个人都能够加入进来,玩得开心。

and again he'djoin inwhen we were playing video

我们玩电子游戏时,他偶尔会和我们一起玩。

didn't want tojoin in, but Kenneth

我不想加入,但是肯尼思非要坚持。

在口语表达角度上,join的含义是成为…的一员,参加。join in的含义是加入,参加(活动)。Join多指加入某个党派或社会团体,从而成为该党派或团体的一员。join in多指参加某项运动或活动,例如参加讨论、游行、罢工等。

高中语法总结 第6篇

名词性从句重难点

1. 在名词性从句中,疑问句要用陈述句的语序。例如:

①Can you make sure ____the gold ring ?(MET90)

A.where Alice had put D.where has Alice put

2. 动词 doubt 用在疑问句或否定句中,其后宾语从句常用 that 作连接词;用在肯定句中,连接词用 whether 或 if 皆可,而不用 that。

3. 否定转移问题。

①将think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等动词后面跟宾语从句时否定转移 我想我并不认识你。 我相信他不回来。

We dont expect he will come tonight , will he ?

注意:若谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。 I hope you werent ill. 我想你没有生病吧。

②将seem, appear 等后的从句的否定转移

看来他们不知道往哪去。

看来我们明天不会碰上好天气。

4. 主谓一致问题。

5. 语气问题

① 在含有 suggest , order , demand , propose , command , request , insist, desire, require, advise 等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后,that从句常用“should+ 动词原形”的结构 我建议我们应该立刻出发。

② 在It is +过去分词+that的主语从句中 decided,demanded,desired,insisted,ordered,proposed,suggested,recommended,requested, required等。

It is desired that we(should)get everything ready this evening.

③ 在表语从句或同位语从句中

The suggestion that the mayor (should) present the prizes was accepted by everyone.

高中英语语法常考知识

一、名词可数与不可数及修饰词:

常考的抽象名词有:advice, chalk, furniture, patience, paper, clothing, fun, power, work, oil, jewelery, homework, sugar, information, salt, knowledge, luck, weather, progress, news (word), money

注意:another不能修饰不可数名词,可说another book,不可说another news。

二、复合名词的复数形式因词而异:

1. a man driver (men drivers) a woman doctor ( women doctors)

2. a film-goer (film-goers) 电影爱好者

3. a looker-on (lookers-on) 旁观者 passers-by

4. a grown-up (grown-ups) 成年人

三、部分名词的复数形式表示特殊意义:

goods, looks(表情、外貌), manners, papers, greens(青菜、蔬菜), irons(熨斗), forces(军队), sands(做作的样子、架子) →put on airs 3. Wood can be made into paper.

He likes going out for fresh air.

四、

1. 单复数相同:sheep, deer, fish, Chinese, Japanese, means, works

2. 只有复数:cattle, people

3. 常以复数形式出现:trousers, glasses, thanks, clothes, remains(遗物), contents, goods, congratulations, means, sports, preparations(准备), tears, repairs, regards, games(运动会)

4. 以s结尾的学科或专有名词常作单数:

politics, maths, physics, the United States, The United Nations

五、几组易错名词的'用法:

1. many a + 单数名词 = many + 复数名词

2. 集合名词:family, team, audience, enemy, public, group, class, government, company, police, party 作主语时,若看作一个整体时,谓语动词用单数;若表示组成分子,则用复数。

e.g. The police are on duty at the street corner.

My family is / are going to have a long journey.

3. population:

1)作为“人口”的总称或“居民”的总数是不可数名词,谓语用单数。

2)问“多少人口”时,不说how many或how much,而用what。

3)在谈到“人口比多”时,常用large,great;“人口少”时,常用small,而不用much,little。

4)当谈及“有人口”时, 习惯上用have a population of。

5)当“百分数/分数+ of the population”作主语时,谓语用复数。

6)表示某个地区人口时,其前应有定冠词。

7)population不能与people连用。

e.g. The population in China is very large, and 80% of the population are farmers.

The city has a population of the million.

高中英语语法知识

1.名词(nouns)n.:

名词是词性的一种,也是实词的一种,是指代人、物、事、时、地、情感、概念等实体或抽象事物的词。名词可以独立成句。在短语或句子中通常可以用代词来替代。名词可以分为专有名词(Proper Nouns)和普通名词 (Common Nouns),专有名词是某个(些)人,地方,机构等专有的名称,如Beijing,China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词,如:book,sadness等。

2.代词(pronoun)pron.:

代词是代替名词的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。英语中的代词,按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为:人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词、连接代词和不定代词九种。

3.数词(numeral)Num.:

表示“多少”和“第几”的词,叫数词。其用法相当于名词或者形容词。数词分为基数词和序数词两种。

4.形容词(adjective)adj.或a.;

很多语言中均有的主要词类中的一种。主要用来修饰名词的词,表示事物的特征。形容词用来修饰名词或代词,表示人或事物的性质、状态,和特征的程度好坏,与否。

5.副词(adverb)adv.:

是一种用来修饰动词、形容词、全句的词,说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念的词。副词是一种半虚半实的词。副词可分为:时间副词、地点副词、方式副词、程度副词、疑问副词、连接副词、关系副词、频率副词和说明性副词等。

6.动词(Verb)v.:

动词,就是用来形容或表示各类动作的词汇。基本上每个完整的句子都有一个动词,要表示第二个动作时可使用不定词、动名词、对等连接词、从属连接词或增加子句等方法连结。

高中语法总结 第7篇

不定冠词a,an与one同源,表示微弱的一的概念,但并不强调数目,用来表示不确定的人或事物。

A用在辅音前,而不是辅音字母前;an用在元音前,而不是元音字母前。

a university in Asia

表示同类中的任何一个

A cat has nine

表示泛指的某人、某物

I know a John Lennon,but not the famous

表示数量的

He has a

表示单位数量的每一

I earn 10 dollars an

表示相同的

The two birds are of a

用于集体名词前

He grows up in a large

在某种情况下可用于抽象名词和物质名词前

China has a long

高中语法总结 第8篇

主语—主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。

注意:不定式作主语时,常用形式主语it句型。

谓语—说明主语“做什么”,“是什么”或“怎么样”。

谓语(谓语部分里主要的词)必须用动词。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。它在主语后面。

表语—表语说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”,由名词、形容词、副词、介词、不定式及相当于名词或形容词的词或短语来担任。它的位置在系动词后面。

_注意区别:My job is (teaching 为表语) 与 I am teaching (am teaching 为谓语)

宾语—宾语是动作、行为的对象,由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任,它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么,在谓语之后。

状语—状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义,一般由副词、介词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来表示。状语一般放在句末,但有的可以放在句首、句中。

定语—定语是用来修饰名词或代词的。形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、不定式或相当于形容词的词或短语等都可以担任定语。因为它是修饰名词或代词的,而名词和代词又可以作主语,还可以作表语和宾语,所以定语的位置很灵活,凡是有名词、代词的地方都可以有定语。

高中语法总结 第9篇

1、学校生活及学习成绩

Be getting on well with one’s study某人的学习越来越好take several courses at school在学校学若干门课程have English (Chinese, Physics…) every (other )day work hard at …put one’s heart into…专心于;致力于be interested in …be fond oflike chemistry bestbe good at …; be poor at …; do well in …; be weak in …make progress in …; fail in …’ be tired of …’pass the examination; give a passing grade;major in history 主修历史He has the best record in 他的成绩最棒。get a doctor’s degree 获得博士学位be more interesting to about; succeed in…; be active in class (work);take an active part in …; learn… by heart;work out a (maths) problem; improve oneself in …;get 90 marks for (English); get an “A” in the exam;have a good command of…lay a good foundation in (language study)

2、师生关系get on well with sb; like to be with students;

be gentle with us; be kind to sb;

be a strict teacher; be strict with one’s pupils;be strict in work

We think of him (her) as …; help sb with sth;praise sb for sth …; blame sb for advice on …; question sb on …be satisfied with …correct the students’ homework carefully and prepare for the next day; give sb a lot of work;try to teach sb good study habits; make one’s lessons lively and interesting; teach ;teach sb to do all one’s time to work;admire () his devotion to the cause of education佩服他对于教育事业的献身精神。

3、课余活动及周末生活spend one’s time in many different ways;enjoy doing things by oneself; go swimming;go for an outing; have an outing at (the seashore);see the sights of Beijing; play the piano (violin);play chess (basketball); have a swim;have dances on weekends; have a picnic over the weekend;go to the cinema; have a party; hold a sports meeting;do some reading; help sb do sth; enjoy a family trip;get everything ready for;ride one’s bike with (the park);There are a lot of activities at (the beach).We enjoy a change from our busy life in the would like to bring to the was a very relaxing are good programmes on TV on

4、彼此沟通信息take a message for sb; send a message to sb;hear from sb; talk about/of sth; tell sb to do sth;get information about…;express one’s idea (feelings) in English用英语表达一个人的思想(感情);Write sb a letter saying…给某人写信说 , apologize to sb for…thank you for …; make a speech t at the meeting;explain sth to s; look upon sb as …; think sb to be …;take sb’s side

5、事件中人的态度would like to do; allow sb to do;keep sb from doing (prevent from doing);call on sb to do; be afraid to do (be afraid of …);fee like doing; insist on doing; drive off;speak highly of sb; speak ill of sb; think highly of sb;force sb to do; offer to do; refuse to do; agree to do;regret doing;prefer to do A rather than do B; had better do;would rather (not)

高中语法总结 第10篇

一般现在时表示经常发生、习惯性动作、客观真理、科学事实、格言,目前的特征、状态、能力等。

主句是一般将来时,时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。如:

I’ll go there after I finish my If it rains tomorrow, I won’t go

在以here, there开头的句子里,go, come等少数动词的一般在时表示正在发生的动作。

例如:There goes the 铃响了。There comes the 汽车来了。Here she 她来了。

表示正在进行的动作。

表示按计划安排即将发生的动作。

例如:She is leaving for 她要去北京。

He is working as a teacher 从明天起他要做老师。

My father is coming to see me this 这个星期六我爸爸要来看我。

代替一般现在时,描绘更加生动。

例如:The Changjiang River is flowing into the 江水滚滚向东流。The sun is rising in the 太阳从东方冉冉升起。

大多数动词可用于进行时,但也有些动词不用于进行时。常见的有:exist, live, understand, mean, owe, belong to, know, doubt, suppose, remember, forget,

believe,trust,want,wish,refuse,like,hate,dislike,prefer,mind,hope等。

表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果,或说话时已完成的动作。

例如:I have finished the She has cleaned the

表示从过去开始,待续到现在的动作或状态,往往和“for…”, “since…”表述的一段时间状语连用。例如:He has learned English for six They have worked here since they left

现在完成时与一般过去时的区别:

1)用两种时态来表述发生在过去的某一动作,现在完成时强调这一过去动作对现在产生的影响或结果,而一般过去时只表达过去的动作或状态,和现在关系不大。例如:She has cleaned the It’s very clean (此句has cleaned就不能改为一是因为cleaned与现状无关,二是因为一般过去时不可突然跳到It’s…这样的一般现在时。)

2)汉语中的“了”、“过”、“曾”等词常用完成表达,如:I have seen that (我看过那部电影了。)但是如果是在特定的过去时间“看了”、“做过”,就不可用完成时而必须用一般过去进来表达。例如:When did you see that film? I saw it (你什么时候看了那部电影?我昨天看的。)不能说:When have you seen that film? I have seen it

表示“曾经到过某地(人已回来)”用“have/has been to”,表示“到某地去了(还未回来)”用“have/has gone to”.例如:

——Where is Li Hua? -He has gone to the

——She knows a lot about has been

短暂动词(即瞬间动词),join, lose, buy, borrow, leave, go, come, arrive, die, marry, finish, complete, begin, start, break out等,在完成时态中,其肯定式不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。例如不能说:He has finished the work for three 要翻译“他已完成工作三小时了。”可采用1)“ago法”:He finished the work three hours )“延续法”:He has been through(with)the work for three )“since法”:It is/has been three hours since he finished the

用来表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在(或今后还要继续一去)的动作。例如:He has been doing the maths problems since It has been raining for two

凡是不能用于现在进行时的动词均不能用于现成完成进行时。

表达特定的过去时间内发生的动作或存在的状况,或过去某一时间内经常发生或反复发生的动作或行为。

表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作(这一过去时间须用时间状语表示)。例如:He was preparing his lecture all day

表示动作在另一过去动作发生时进行。例如:They were still working when I

用在两个过去进行时动作同时发生。例如:I was writing while he was watching

表示过去将来动作。例如:He said she was arriving the next

表示在过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作。例如:He had shut the door before the dog came Everything had been all right up till this

表示动作或状态从过去某个时刻开始一直延续到另一个过去时刻才完成,甚至还要继续下去。例如:At the age of ten, he had learned 500 English He had been ill for a week when we learned about

常用hope, expect, think, intend, want, suppose等动词的过去完成时来表示未实现的希望、打算或意图。例如:We had expected that you would be able to win the

一般将来时表示将来要发生的动作和存在的状况。有下列一些形式:

do (侧重将来行为,不突出计划安排去做某事)

going to do (主观上打算或客观上可能发生)

doing (按计划将要发生,常和表示最近的将来时间连用)

about to do (按计划即将发生)

用来表示在将来某个时刻(前)将完成的动作。常和by短语,when, before引起的时间状语连用。例如:We will have finished senior Book 2 by the end of this

高中语法总结 第11篇

1、英语名词可分专有名词和普通名词两大类:

1、专有名词是个别的人、地、物、团体、机构等的专用名称。

专有名词中实词的第一个字母要大写。

如:Beijing, Tom, the People’s Republic of China(中华人民共和国)

专有名词如果是含有普通名词的短语,则必须使用定冠词the。如:the Great Wall(长城)

姓氏名如果采用复数形式,则表示该姓氏一家人(复数含义),如:the Greens( 格林一家人)。

2、普通名词是许多人或事物的共有名称。如:pupil, family, man, foot.

普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词。

▲可数名词是可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词,如: box, child, orange;

▲不可数名词是不可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词。如:water, news, oil, population, information .

2、英语可数名词的单复数:英语可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。

1、名词由单数变复数的基本方法如下:

①在单数名词词尾加s。如:map → maps,boy→ boys,horse→ horses, table→ tables.

②s,o,x ,sh,ch结尾的词加es.如:class→classes, box→boxes, hero→heroes, dish→dishes, bench→benches.

[注]:少数以o结尾的词,变复数时只加s。如:photo→photos, piano→pianos.

③以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i,再加es。如:family→families, city→cities, party→parties.

④以f或fe结尾的名词,变f或fe为v,再加es。如:shelf→shelves, wolf→wolves, life→lives, knife→knives.

2、不规则变化:man→men, woman→women, sheep→sheep,tooth→teeth, fish→fish, child→children, ox→oxen, goose→geese

不可数名词一般没有复数形式,说明其数量时,要用有关计量名词。如:a bag of rice→two bags of rice, a piece of paper→three pieces of paper, a bottle of milk→five bottles of milk.

3、名词所有格:

1、 名词所有格表示所属关系,相当于物主代词,在句中作定语、宾语或主语。其构成法如下:

(1)表示人或其它有生命的东西的名词常在词尾加’s。如:Childern’s Day(儿童节), my sister’s book(我姐姐的书)

(2)以s或es结尾的复数名词。只在词尾加’。如:Teachers’ Day(教师节)

(3)有些表示时间、距离以及世界、国家、城镇等无生命的名词,也可在词尾加’s. 如:

today’s newspaper(今天的报纸), ten minutes’ break(十分钟的课间休息),

China’s population(中国的人口).

(4)无论表示有生命还是无生命的东西的名词,一般均可用介词of短语来表示所有关系。如:

a fine daughter of the Party(党的好女儿).

2、[注解]:

① ‘s还可以表示某人的家或者某个店铺,如:my aunt’s(我阿姨家), the doctor’s(诊所)

② 两人共有某物时,可以采用 A and B’s 的形式,如:Lucy and Lily’s bedroom(露西和丽丽合住的卧室)

③ “of+名词所有格/名词性物主代词”,称为双重所有格,如:a friend of my father’s(我父亲的一位朋友), a friend of mine(我的一位朋友)

4、名词或代词作主语时和谓语之间的单复数的一致问题:

1、谓语和谓语基本保持单复数的一致,即:主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式:如:The computer was a great invention.(计算机是个了不起的发明)The water in the glass is very cold.(玻璃杯里的水很冷)

2、集体名词(如family, class, team, group, row, police, school等)做句子主语时,

① 如果表示整体概念,则谓语用单数形式,如:Class Three is a very good class.(三班是好班)

② 如果表示其中的所有成员时,则谓语用复数形式,如:Class Three have a map of China.(三

班有张中国地图)

3、Chinese, Japanese, fish, sheep, people等表示单个时谓语用单数,表示许多时,谓语用复数。如:There is a sheep in the yard.(院子里有只绵羊) / There are some sheep in the yard.(院子里有一些绵羊)

4、maths, news等虽然有s结尾,但不是复数,因此谓语仍用单数:The news is very exciting. (这个消息令人兴奋)

5、glasses, shoes, socks, trousers, gloves等名词往往用复数形式,故谓语用复数。如:

The trousers are very cheap and I want to take them.(裤子很便宜,我想买)

6、a lot of 后跟名词复数时谓语用复数形式,跟不可数名词时谓语用单数形式。如:A lot of students are playing baseball now.(现在有许多学生在打垒球) A lot of time was wasted on that work.(大量的时间花在了那个工作上)(被动句)

7、and 连接两个名词做主语时,谓语原则上用复数,但是两个名词若构成一个整体事物时,谓语则用单数。如:The teacher and his son are picking apples now.(老师和他的儿子在摘苹果) / Fish and chips is very famous food. (鱼和薯条是一种出名的食品)

8、 there be 句型中be的单复数一般由靠近的名词决定。如:There is a table and four chairs in the room.(房间里有一张桌子和四张椅子)

9、用both…and…连接两个事物做主语时,谓语一般用复数。如:Both you and I are required to be here tomorrow.(你和我明天要求都来)

10、主语中含有with的短语时,谓语单复数由with之前的人物决定。如:A woman with a 7-year-old child was standing at the side of the road. (一名妇女带着一个七岁的孩子(当时)就站在路边)

11、either…or…或者 neither…nor…连接两个人物做句子主语时,谓语采用就近原则。如:Either you or he is right.(要么是你对,要么是他对。/你和他有一个人是对的) / Neither you nor I am going there.(你和我都不打算去那里)

12、表示一段时间或长度概念的复数名词做主语时,谓语一般用单数。如:Two months is not a short time.(两个月不是个短时间)Two thousand kilometers is quite a long distance(距离).(两千千米是相当长的一段距离)

13、主语中含有half of… / (three quarters)of… / all (of) the ….等词语时,谓语的单复数由名词确定,如:Over three quarters of the information on the Internet is in English.(因特网上四分之三以上的信息是用英语写的.) / A third of the students were playing near the lake.(学生的三分之一(当时)正在湖边玩耍) / All of the water in these rivers has been polluted.(这些河流中的水已经被污染了)(被动句)

但是,population一词又有特殊情况: What’s the population of China?(中国人口是多少?)(句子用单数) / Three quarters of the population in this city are Arabs(阿拉伯人).(这个城市四分之三的人口是阿拉伯人)(句子用复数)

高中语法总结 第12篇

(1)  what 引导主语从句

例:What  surprised me is that everybody seemed to be very indifferent to

让我吃惊的是每个人似乎对她都很冷淡。

[  indifferent 不关心的;冷漠的]

(2)  what 引导宾语从句

例:We  can learn what we do not

我们能学会我们不懂的东西。

(3)  what 引导表语从句

例:That  is what I

那正是我所要的。

(4)  what 引导同位语从句

例:I  have no idea what they are talking

我不知道他们正在谈论什么。

高中语法总结 第13篇

常用的连词有and,or,but,so,for,while等,常用的关联短语有both…,either…,neither…,not only…but 等。

例1:

Little Wang Jun could not go to school,_____his family was too

此处表示原因,引导的分句其实是一种解释说明,不是必然的因果关系,且前面有逗号隔开,所以填for。

例2:

____Marrie and Jannie like going to the

横线处的词与后面可以构成both?and,故答案为Both。

高中语法总结 第14篇

(1)  wish that sb did sth 希望某人现在做某事

例:I  wish I were as strong as

我希望和你一样强壮。

(2)  wish that sb had done sth 希望某人过去做某事

例:  I wish you had told me earlier

要是你早点告诉我就好了。

(3)  wish that sb would/could do sth 希望某人将来做某事

例:I  wish you would succeed this

我希望你这次会成功。

高中语法总结 第15篇

引导的比较级:

(1)“as +形容词或副词原级+as+被比较对象”结构。例句: He studies as hard as 他像你一样学习努力。

(2)在否定句或疑问句中可用 not so…as…. 例句:He can notrun so/as fast as 他没你跑得快。

引导的倒装句型:only +状语 (或状语从句)位于句首时,句子部分倒装。

例句: Only by diligence and honesty can one succeed 只有勤奋、正直,一个人在生活中才能成功。

注意:但 only修饰主语时,不倒装。例句: Onlythat girl knew how to work out the 只有那位女生知道怎样解那道题。

引导的虚拟语气:wish 后面的从句,当表示与事实相反的情况,或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望时,其宾语从句的动词形式为:

⑴表示对现在情况的虚拟:从句动词用过去式或过去进行式表示,be 的过去式用

I wish I knew the answer to the 我希望知道这个问题的答案。(可惜不知道。)

⑵表示对过去情况的虚拟:从句动词用had +过去分词。

I wish (that) I hadn’t wastedso much 我后悔不该浪费这么多时间。( 实际上已经浪费掉了。)

⑶表示对将来的主观愿望:谓语动词形式为“would/ should/ could/ might +动词原形”。在这种情况下,主句的主语与从句的主语不能相同,因为主句的主语所期望的从句动作能否实现,取决于从句主语的态度或意愿(非动作名词除外) 。

I wish it would stop 但愿雨能停止。

注意:若wish 后的宾语从句中用 would,可以表示请求,通常意味着说话人的不快或不满。

例句:I wish you would be 我希望你安静一些。

形式宾语:和it 作形式主语一样, 我们常用it 来作形式宾语, 把真正的宾语从句放在句末, 这种情况尤其出现在带复合宾语的句子中。

例句:He has made it clear that he will not give 他表明他不会屈服。

+比较级,the+比较级表示“越越”。

例句:The more scared we are, the stronger the difficultywill 我们越害怕困难,困难就会变得越强大。

宾语从句:一般疑问句做宾语,引入if或whether

例句: I want to know if he will join us in thediscussion?

原因状语从句:since引导的

例句: Don’t eat too much sugarsince it is bad for your

否定词前置倒装:

例句: Scarcely had he arrived at home when it began

If虚拟条件句

宾语从句:放在介词后面,作介词的宾语。

例句:I know nothing about him except that he used towork in

状语从句省略(分词作状语):从句的主语和状语从句的主语一致,状从省略采用分词作状语。

例句:(Because) being short of money, we can’t afford a TV =Because we are short of money, we can’t afford a TV

并列句:由and,or , but连接的两个句子成为并列句。

省略句 /倒装:so/系动词/助动词/情态动词 +sb 表示“前者情况适用于后者”。

例句:You are a student, so am

定语从句 who引导的限定性定从。

例句:Do youremember the girl who taught us English ?你还记得教我们英语的那个女孩吗?

宾语从句:whether的用法。

例句:I wonder if/whether it is going to rain

不定式做定语。

例句:Theonly way to solve our problems will continue to be

原因状从:now that的用法。now that 表示 “既然”。与 since 的不同之处在于,now that 引出的必须是一个新出现的事实或情况,如果依然如故,和过去相比并没有变化,则不用 now that 引导。

例句:Now that we have all the materials ready, we shouldbegin the new task at 既然我们把所有材料都准备好了,我们应该立刻开始这项新的工作。

原因状从:for的用法。由because 引导的从句如果放在句末,且前面有逗号,则可以用并列连词 for 来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因,而是多种情况加以推断,就只能用 for。

例句:He is absent today, because/for he is 他今天没来,因为他生病了。

原因状从:as 的用法。

例句:The Singapore passengers begin to decrease as otherairlines spread their operating

同位语从句:Iwant to know the answer to this question who will be our next 原因状从: in that的用法。

例句:Privatization is thought to be beneficial in that itpromotes 私营化的优点在于能促进相互竞争。

不定式:不定式做目的状语。

例句:Weget up very early to catch the first

同位语从句:同位语从句在句中作A同位语,对被修饰名词的内容予以解释说明。同位语的特点是:抽象名词在前,表达具体内容的从句在后。常见的名词包括: assumption假定/belief看法/ conclusion结论/ doubt怀疑等。

例句:The suggestion that we should develop the natural resources in theregion has been 关于我们应该开发本地区资源的建议已经讨论过了。

现在完成时:表示过去延续到现在的动作或状态。具体来说,这种用法是表示开始于过去的动作一直持续到现在,而且还可能继续持续下去。谓语动词一般为延续性动词。

例句:An old woman walked out into the middle of the The policemanyelled to her, “Don’t you knowwhat it means when I hold up my hand?” The lady said, “Sure I I have been a schoolteacher for 28 years ” 一个老妇人走到了马路中央,这时,一位交警朝着她嚷道:“我都把手举起来了,你难道还不知道什么意思吗?”老太太说:“我当然知道,我都做了28 年的老师了。”

时间状从:not…until… 用法。

例句:The students didn’t stop talking until the teacher came

it做形式主语,句子做逻辑主语:如果主语太长,常用代词 it 作形式主语,将真正的主语从句置于句尾,以保持句式的平衡。

例句:It makes no difference what you read or study ifyou can’t remember 如果你记不住,那么你读什么或者学什么都不重要了。

现在分词短语作状语:

(1)现在分词作时间状语。例句:There areseveral things to consider when buying fresh 当购买新鲜食品时,有几个事情要考虑。

(2)现在分词作条件状语。例句:Working hard,you will 如果努力工作,你将会成功。

(3)现在分词作伴随状语。例句:All night longhe lay awake, thinking of the 他整夜躺在床上睡不着,思考着那个问题。

(4)现在分词作方式状语。例句:Please answerthe question using another 请用另一种方法回答问题。

(5)现在分词作原因状语。例句:Not knowingher address, I can’t write to 由于不知道她的地址,我没法给她写信。

(6)现在分词作结果状语。例句:Possessing a car gives a much greater degree ofmobility, enabling the driver to move around 拥有汽车使机动程度更高,使司机能自由自在地往来各地。

(7)现在分词作让步状语。例句:Although working from morning till night his fatherdidn’t get enough 虽然他父亲从早到晚拼命干,但是还是挣不够吃的。

情态动词表推测

(1)对现在、将来情况的推测,用情态动词+动词原形

对现在、将来情况的肯定推测:must+动词原形

对现在、将来情况的否定推测:can’t +动词原形

对现在、将来情况的可能推测:may/might +动词原形

例句:What is he doing?

He must be can’tbe He may/might be reading but I’m not

(2)对过去情况的推测,用情态动词+have

对过去情况的肯定推测:must+have done

对过去情况的否定推测:can’t +have

对过去情况的可能推测:may/might +have done

例句:It must / may / might / have rained last Theground is

The door is He cannot / may ( might ) not havebeen at

部分倒装:否定词前置

(1)hardly/scarcely…when…

例句:Hardly had she gone out when a student came tovisit 她刚一出门,一个学生就来拜访她。

(2)no sooner…than…

例句:No sooner had the game begun than it began to 比赛刚一开始就下起了雨。

动词 ing 形式作独立主格结构:逻辑主语和主句主语不一致时采用。

例句:Time permitting, we will go for a picnic (=f time permits, we will go for apicnic ) 如果时间允许,我们明天会去野餐。

to 结构:表示“如此以至于”。

例句:The girl was so excited as to shout herself 那个女孩兴奋得喊哑了嗓子。

even if 引导的让步状语从句:“即使”。

例句: Even if we achieve great success in our work, weshould not be 即使我们在工作中取得了巨大成绩,也不应该自满。

when 引导的状语从句

(1)when可以和延续性动词连用,也可以和短暂性动词连用。

例句:Why do you want a new job when you’ve got such a good one already?(get为短暂性动词)你已经找到如此好的工作,为何还想再找新的?

when从句的谓语动词可以在主句谓语动作之前、之后或同时发生。

例句:When he had finished his homework,he took a short (finished先发生)当他完成作业后,他休息了一会儿。

When I got to the airport,theguests had (got to后发生)当我赶到飞机场时,客人们已经离开了。

that 引导的宾语从句

名词从句作动词宾语时,前面的that常被省略,特别是在非正式语体中。

例句:I suggested (that) they should drive along 我建议他们沿着海岸开车。

I hoped (that) I would / should 我曾希望我会成功。

which 引导的主语从句。

例句:Which book they will choose is still 他们将选择哪本书仍然不被人知。

过去完成时和过去将来时

(1)过去完成时(past perfect tense):强调的是过去某一动作或状态发生在另一动作前或过去某个时间常常用到的时态,或指在过去某个时间段已经发生的事情,它就是过去的过去。

①表示发生在过去的动作对现在造成的某种影响或结果,用来指定在另一个过去行动之前就已经完成了的一个事件。

②过去某动作一直持续到现在将来可能还要延续下去。句中的动作发生在过去之前(过去的过去),即过去完成时动作发生在过去的过去。例句: He said he had been to Beijing 他说他已经去过北京两次。

(2)过去将来时表示在过去某个时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。即:过去将来时是“立足过去,着眼未来”的一种时态, 常用于宾语从句中。判断这种时态的依据是:要有表示过去的“动作”, 而不是时间。例句:I heard that they were going toreturn to Shanghai 我听说他们不久要回到上海。

there be句型:表示的是 “某处有(存在)某人或某物”,其结构为There be (is,are,was, were )+名词+地点状语。例句:There are fifty-two students in our 教室里有52个学生。

高中语法总结 第16篇

非谓语动词

非谓语动词用法分析说明:

非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。

为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义,

我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。

不定式和动名词作主语的区别

(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作;而不定式作主语表示具体动作

Smoking is prohibited(禁止)这里禁止抽烟。(抽象)

It is not very good for you to smoke so 你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体)

(2)动名词作主语时,通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。

不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。

Climbing mountains is 爬山很有趣。(经验)

Driving a car during the rush hour is 在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验)

(3)不定式做主语,一般用it当形式主语,把作主语的不定式短语后置。

It took me only five minutes to finish the

不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别

(1)不定式作表语

不定式作表语一般表示具体动作,特别是表示将来的动作。

To do two things at a time is to do 次做两件事等于未做。

What I would suggest is to start work at 我的建议是立刻开始干。

如果主语是不定式(表示条件),表语也是不定式(表示结果)To see is to 百闻不如一见。

To work means to earn a 工作就是为了生活。

如果主语是以aim, duty, hope, idea, happiness, job, plan, problem, purpose, thing, wish等为中心的名词,或以what引导的名词性从句,不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。

His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near 他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。

The function of Louis Sullivan's architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the

The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the

(2)动名词作表语

动名词作表语,表示抽象的一般性的行为。

Our work is serving the 我们的工作是为人民服务。

His hobby is collecting 他的爱好是集邮。

注:动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同,但其所属结构迥异,进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的。动名词做表语,说明主语的性质或情况。

People cannot but feel puzzled, for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid

His victory in the final was no more convincing than I had

(3)分词作表语

分词做表语有两种情况,一种是现在分词做表语,一种是过去分词做表语。

这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说,表示心理状态的动词如excite, interest等都是及物动词,汉语意思不是“激动”,“高兴”,而是“使激动”、“使高兴”,

因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”,过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以,凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式,凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。

换句话说,若人对……感兴趣,就是somebody is interested ,若人/物本身有兴趣时,就是说 is

这类词常见的有:

interesting使人感到高兴--interested感到高兴的

exciting令人激动的--excited感到激动的

delighting令人高兴的--delighted感到高兴的

disappointing令人失望的--disappointed感到失望的

encouraging令人鼓舞的--encouraged感到鼓舞的

pleasing令人愉快的--pleased感到愉快的

puzzling令人费解的--puzzled感到费解的

satisfying令人满意的---satisfied感到满意的

surprising令人惊异的--surprised感到惊异的

worrying令人担心的--worried感到担心的

Travelling is interesting but 旅行是有趣的,但是使人疲劳。

The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too 如果要学生学得太多,他们会感到糊涂的。

The argument is very 他的论点很令人信服。

They were very excited at the 听到这个消息,他们非常激动。

(4)不定式和动名词作宾语的区别

大多数动词既可跟不定式,也可跟动名词作直接宾语,但有些动词要求:

(1)不定式做宾语和宾语补足语

1)下面的动词要求不定式做宾语

attempt企图 enable能够 neglect忽视

afford负担得起 demand要求 long渴望

arrange安排 destine注定 mean意欲,打算

begin开始 expect期望 omit忽略,漏

appear似乎,显得 determine决定 manage设法

cease停止 hate憎恨,厌恶 pretend假装

ask问 dread害怕 need需要

agree同意 desire愿望 love爱

swear宣誓 volunteer志愿 wish希望

bear承受 endeavor努力 offer提供

beg请求 fail不能 plan计划

bother扰乱;烦恼 forget忘记 prefer喜欢,宁愿

care关心,喜欢 happen碰巧 prepare准备

decide决定 learn学习 regret抱歉,遗憾

choose选择 hesitate犹豫 profess表明

claim要求 hope希望 promise承诺,允许

start开始 undertake承接 want想要

consent同意,赞同 intend想要 refuse拒绝

decide决定 learn学习 vow起

contrive设法,图谋 incline有…倾向 propose提议

seek找,寻觅 try试图

2)下面的动词要求不定式做宾补:动词+宾语+动词不定式

ask要求,邀请 get请,得到 prompt促使

allow允许 forbid禁止 prefer喜欢,宁愿

announce宣布 force强迫 press迫使

bride 收买 inspire鼓舞 request请求

assist协助 hate憎恶 pronounce断定,表示

advise劝告 exhort告诫,勉励 pray请求

authorize授权,委托 help帮助 recommend劝告,推荐

bear容忍 implore恳求 remind提醒

beg请求 induce引诱 report报告

compel强迫 invite吸引,邀请, summon传唤

command命令 intend想要,企图 show 显示

drive驱赶 mean意欲,打算 train训练

cause引起 instruct指示 require要求

deserve应受 leave使,让 tell告诉

direct指导 like喜欢 tempt劝诱

entitle有资格 order命令 warn告诫

enable使能够 need需要 urge激励,力说

encourage鼓励 oblige不得不 want想要

condemn指责,谴责 lead引起,使得 teach教

entreat恳求 permit允许 wish希望

来不及的不是时间,而是行动,心动就马上行动,当你还在犹豫的时候,先报名的童鞋已经甩你很远了。

高中语法总结 第17篇

AS引导非限制性定语从句时,通常指的不是主句中的某一个名词(先行词),而是指整个主句表达的内容,对主句所作的陈述进行附加说明,意为―这,如或正如‖。这种从句可位于主句之前,之中或之后。

As we all know, Taiwan belongs to Taiwan, as we all know, belongs to Taiwan belongs to China, as we all 注意下面的习惯用法:

as is well discussed 正如已讨论过的

as is often said 正如通常所说 as is often the case 通常就是这样 as has been pointed 正如所指出的那样 as has been said before 如上所述 as often happens 如同经常所发生的那样 as might be expected正如所料 as is well known to all众所周知

在多数情况下,从句中的谓语助动词可以省略 as explained before 如前面所解释的 as mentioned above 如前面所提到的 as shown in the figure 如图所示 as seen from the table 从表中可以看出 as already discussed 正如已讨论过的

高中语法总结 第18篇

neither意思是"两者都不",在句中都可以充当主语、宾语、定语和同位语。以下是关于neither的用法详解

Neither的用法 

Neither:既,可作代词,副词,或连词,也可作形容词。

1、作形容词时,意为俩者都不,后跟名词单数,谓语动词应用第三人称单数。

例句:

Don ’t argue!Neither answer is 不要争吵,俩个答案都不是对的。

2、 作代词时,意为俩个都不,表示全部否定,其反意词是both(俩个都),做主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式,此时,可与介词of 连接,构成neither of+名词/代词宾格结构。也可单独做主语。

例句:

(1)Neither of them wants to go to the Great 他们俩都不想去长城。

(2) Neither is 俩个都是错的。

3、作连词时,常用

于”Neither …nor …”结构,表示既不-----也不-----,用来连接俩个并列成分。连接俩个并列主语时,谓语动词要采用“就近原则”。

(1)Neither he nor I am learning to draw .他和我都不学画画。

(2)Neither my parents nor I like playing basketball .我父母和我都不喜欢打篮球。

4、作副词时,意为“也不“表示同一事情不适用于另一个人,引出一个主句或成分,并用倒装语序,结构为”Neither+助动词/情态动词/系动词be+主语“ ,时态要与前句一致。只用于表示否定意义的情况。其反义结构为”so+助动词/情态动词/系动词be+主语“

例句:

(1)He can’t drive a car .neither can 他不会开车,我也不会。

(2)My sister doesn’t like singing ,neither do

(3)He can driver a car ,so can 他会开车,我也会。

(4)My sister likes singing ,so do 我姐喜欢开车,我也喜欢。

(5)She is a volunteer, so am 她是志愿者,我也是。


高中语法总结 第19篇

一、分词的基本概念

分词有现在分词和过去分词两种,主要在句中要起形容词和副词的作用。它们可以带有自己 的宾语、表语、状语等。

现在分词与过去分词的区别主要表现在语态和时间关系上:

在语态上,现在分词表示主动的意思,而及物动词的过去分词表示被动的意思: the moving body(运动着的物体):the moved body(被移动的物体)。

示的动作和句中谓语动词所表示的动作几乎是同时发生的;而过去分词表示已完成的动作或己存在的状态,即它所表示的动作一般先于句中谓语动词所表示的动作:

I saw someone opening the

I saw the door

二、分词作定语

分词或分词短语作定语,通常是说明句子中名词的,但有时也说明代词one(ones),that (those),some,others,anything,something等:

The girl in the next room is his

Today's computers are of much greater difference those used in the past(说明those)

现在分词作定语

1) 表示正在进行的动作(变为定语从句时常用进行时态):

The man standing(=Who is standing)at the door is our new maths

2) 表示经常性动作或现在(或当时)的状态(变为定语从句时常用一般时态):

They visited the museum lying(=which lies)nearby .

语。例如:

People wishing (= who wished)to see the film star had waited two hours outside the

4) 除以上情况外,用定语从句比用现在分词短语作定语更好。例如:

The students who had attended the lecture were discussing

过去分词短语作定语

1) 意指过去分词所表示的动作是在谓语所表示的动作之前发生:

Is this book written by the young man? A letter posted this morning will probably reach her

3) 动词wish,want,hope,know,think,believe,expect的现在分词短语常可用作定 在时间关系上,一般来说,现在分词表示正在进行的动作或动作的进展过程,即它所表没有一定的时间性:

I don't like to see letters written in

作定语时的位置

1) 单个分词作定语,常置于被说明的词之前,不强调动作而强调某种性质或特征: The cold wind was blowing through a broken

2) 单个分词作定语,有时放在被说明的词之后,用来强调动作:

We have had good harvests for many years (我们连续多年获得丰收。)

3) 分词短语作定语时,通常位于被说明的词之后

三、分词作状语

分词及分词短语作状语,通常用来说明句中谓语动词。其位置可在句首、句子中间或句末,一般用逗号分开。放在句首的常表示时间、原因、条件;放在句末的常表示结果、方式或伴随情况等。

现在分词短语作状语,其逻辑主语应该和句子的主语是一致的。

1) 作时间状语,相当子when等引起的从句:

Seeing those pictures(=When he saw those pictures),he couldn’t help thinking of those memorable days in his

Having done their homework(=After they had done/did their homework),they went

swimming in the

如果两个动作是完全同时发生的,也常用when或while加分词这种结构: He got to know them while attending a meeting in

Being so poor in those days( =As they were so poor),they couldn't afford to send the

children to

Not having received an answer(=As she hadn’t received an answer),she wrote another

1etter to her

必须注意:being短语作状语时,通常表示原因,意为“由于某某是„”,不能理解

为“当„的时候”。

3) 作结果状语:

They opened fire,killing one of our

过去分词短语作状语,句中的主语往往是过去分词的逻辑宾语。

1) 作时间状语,相当于一个表示时间的状语从句:

Seen from the hill (=When it is seen from the hill),our town looks 1ike a beautiful

2) 作原因状语,相当于一个表示原因的状语从句:

Born into a poor family(=As he was born in a poor family),he got only two years of school

3) 说明谓语所表示的动作发生的背景或情况:

Built in 1891, the building is over 100 years Old .

四、分词作宾语补足语

2) 作原因状语,相当于一个表示原因的状语从句:

see/hear/watch/notice√smell/feel/observe/listen to/look at+宾语+现在分词: We watched the girl going through some of the movements they had just At this moment he noticed the teacher coming

catch/find+宾语+现在分词:

I caught Tom reading my diary and he made an apology to me for

We found a tree lying across the

have/get/keep/leave+宾语+现在分词:

I'll have the car waiting at the Will that be all right?

Do you think you can get the radio working?

have+宾语+过去分词:其中have有三个不同的含义:

1) “使„被完成”(常可用get代替have):

I'd like to have (get) my radio repaired

2) “遭受”、 “经历”(不能用get代替):

He had his watch stolen

3) “有、拥有”:

He felt in his pocket to see if he had any money

make + oneself + known/understood/heard等过去分词:

He repeated explanations,but he couldn't make himself

with+介词宾语+现在分词或过去分词:

They sat in the room with the curtains

With the tree growing tall,we get more and more

like/want/wish/order/+宾语+过去分词

He won't like such questions discussed in his

find或think、feel等+宾语+changed/lost/gone/broken/come等过去分词(说明宾

语所处的状态):

We found him greatly When they entered the hall, they found the guests 以上有些结构可变为被动语态,其补语形式依然不变,起主语补语的作用。

五、现在分词的完成式

其形式为:having done(主动形式),表示这动作发生在谓语所表示的动作之前: Having arrived at a decision, they immediately set to

六、现在分词的被动式

其形式为:(以do为例)being done(一般式),having been done(完成式)。

在表示一个被动动作时,如果这动作是现刻正在进行的,或是与谓语所表示的动作同时发生的,常用现在分词的被动式。这种形式可以用来:

作定语:

This is one of the experiments being carried (= which are being carried) on in our

作状语:

Being asked to sing a song,he couldn't very well

间或用完成被动式:

The decision having been made,the next problem was how to put it into (分词本身带逻辑主语the decision而构成独立主格结构充当状语)

作宾语补足语:

You'll find the news being talked about

七、不及物动词的过去分词

不及物动词的过去分词没有被动意义,而是表示主动的完成的意义:

Gone are the days when we use foreign

(此句是倒装句结构,gone作表语,表示己“一去不复返了”。)

You can see some fallen leaves at the

这类过去分词常见的有:fallen,come,gone, risen, grown up,returned等.

象interesting和interested一类的“使役动词”的分词在意义和用法上很容易混淆,一般可作如下区分:

一部分表示“情感”,“心情”等意义的动词的现在分词有“令人/使人„的”意思,常用

来说明人或事物的特征:

The president made an inspiring speech at the meeting

它们的过去分词有“感到/觉得 „”的意思,用来指人的感觉:

这类容易混淆的分词常见的有:encouraging — encouraged; exciting— excited;interesting — interested;astonishing — astonished;disappointing — disappointed;inspiring — inspired;puzzling — puzzled;surprising — surprised;shocking — shocked;discouraging — discouraged;pleasing — pleased;tiring - tired;worrying — worried;satisfying — satisfied;moving — moved; 八、容易混淆的现在分词和过去分词

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