英语知识点总结复习(合集7篇)

时间:2022-12-12 14:44:27 范文大全

平时的复习,大家不是都记得很牢吗?知识点是信息传播的基础单元,知识点对于学生的学习导航起着关键的作用.下面是范文狗小编为大家收集整理的英语知识点总结复习,多篇合集,全方面满足您的需求,希望能帮到您!

英语知识点总结复习 第1篇

现在分词

当我们说某人正在做什么事时,动词要使用分词形式,不能用原形,构成如下:

一) 一般在后加ing。

如:spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing

二) 以不发音e的结尾的去掉e再加ing。

如:dance-dancing,

wake-waking(叫醒、醒来),

take-taking(拿、取、接收),

practice ['pr?ktis实习、练习] -practicing,

write-writing, have-having

三) 以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母加一个辅音字母

要双写最后的辅音字母再加ing。

如:put-putting, run-running,

get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning

注意:要除开字母组合如show –showing, draw-drawing)

四) 以ie结尾的变ie为y再加ing。

如:tie-tying系(系领结) die-dying死 lie-lying 位于

英语知识点总结复习 第2篇

重点单词

starve plenty satisfy feast hunt

origin trick independence gather harvest

agricultural custom admire energetic shape

religious social permission possibility grateful

apologize sadness obvious forgive decorate

award ancestor festival beauty celebrate

ancient light honor belief spirit

Christian weep wipe event sweets

poet drown heart-broken

重点短语

take place in memory of play a trick on

look forward to as though have fun with

turn up keep one’s word hold one’s breath

do harm to dress up day and night

set off throw away

重点句子

Festivals and celebrations of all kinds have been held everywhere since ancient

Some festivals are held to honor the dead or to satisfy the ancestors, who might return either to help or do

It’s now a children’s festival, when they can dress up and …….

… to honor Mohandas Gandhi, the leader who helped gain India’s dependence from

China and Japan have mid-autumn festivals, when people admire the moon and …

Some western countries have very exciting festivals, which take place forty days before

The country, covered with cherry tree flowers, looks forward to the end of winter and to the coming of

She could be with her friend right now laughing at

It’s obvious that the manager of the coffee shop was waiting …

英语知识点总结复习 第3篇

由一个词加上前缀或后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫做派生法。

前缀

除少数前缀外,前缀一般改变单词的意义,但不改变单词的词性。

(1)表示否定意义的前缀

un-unhappy unfinished undress

dis- disagree disbelieve

in[il-(在字母l前),im-(在字母m,b,p前),ir(在字母r前)]-inaccurate illegal impolite imbalance irregular

mis-misbehave mislead mistake

non-nonstop nonsmoker

(2)表示其他意义的前缀

en-“使……” enrich enlarge encourage

inter-“相互” international intercontinental

re-“再,又,重” rethink retell recycle

tele-“远程的” telescope telephone telegraph

auto-“自动的” automatic automobile

co-“共同” coworker cooperate coexist

anti-“反对,抵抗” antiwar antifreeze antinuclear

multi-“多” multistory multicultural multicolor

bi-“双,二”bicycle bilingual bilateral

micro-“极小的,微小的” microwave microcomputer

over-“太多,过分” overwork overdo overestimate

self-“自己,本身” self-centered self-confident self-control

under-“在……下面,……下的,不足的” underline, underground, underestimate, underrate

后缀

(1)形容词后缀

-able “可……的,具有……的” acceptable drinkable knowledgeable reasonable

-al“与……有关的” physical, magical, political

-an“属于某地方的人” American African

-ern“方向” southern, northern, eastern

-ful/ less“(没)有……的” helpful, useful, homeless, hopeless

-ish“如……的;有……特征的” foolish childish selfish

-ive“有……倾向的” active attractive expensive

-en“由……制成的” golden wooden woolen

-ous“有(性质)的” famous, dangerous, poisonous

-ly “有……性质的” friendly yearly daily

-y“构成形容词” noisy dusty cloudy

(2)名词后缀

-er / or“表人或用具” farmer, baker, visitor, professor, cooker, container

-ese“某国(人)的” Chinese, Japanese

-ian“某国、某地人;精通……的人” musician, Asian, Russian, technician

-ist“某种主义或职业者” physicist, scientist, communist,socialist

-ess“表女性,雌性” hostess, actress, princess

-ment“行为或其状态” government, movement, achievement

-ness“性质,状态” illness, sadness, carelessness

-tion“动作,过程,结果” invention, organization, translation

-ance/ ence“抽象;行为、性质、状态” importance, appearance, absence, existence

-th“性质、情况” depth, warmth, truth

-ful“(满的)量” handful, spoonful, mouthful

-(a)bility“抽象、性质、状态” possibility, disability, reliability

-al“过程、状态” survival, arrival, approval

-y“性质、情况” modesty, delivery, honesty

-dom“处于……状态;性质” freedom, boredom

-age“状态,行为,身份及其结果” courage, storage, marriage

(3)动词后缀

-fy / ify“使得;变得” simplify, beautify, purify

-en“使成为……;变得” shorten, deepen, sadden

-ize“使成为” apologize, realize, specialize

(4)副词后缀

-ly“方式,程度” freely, truly, angrily

ward(s)“向……” towards, forward, upwards

(5)数词后缀

-teen“十几” fourteen, eighteen, thirteen

-ty“整十位数” forty, fifty, sixty

-th“序数词” twelfth, twentieth

英语知识点总结复习 第4篇

Unit1 Women of achievement

achieve

【课文原句】She has achieved everything she wanted to (P3)

【名师点拨】achieve 意为“完成;达到”,指经过长期努力而达到某目标、地位或标准等。其名词形式为achievement,意为“成就;功绩”,a sense of achievement可指“成就感”。

如:

He had finally achieved 他最终取得了成功。

Even a small success gives you a sense of 甚至一个小小的成功都能给你一种成就感。

condition

【课文原句】She helped improve prison conditions and gave prisoners work and (P1)

【名师点拨】condition 意为“环境;境况;条件”时,是可数名词,常用复数形式conditions;意为“状态;状况”时,是不可数名词,be in good condition表示“处于良好的状态”,be out of condition表示“健康状况不佳”。如:

We should pay more attention to the poor living under the bad 我们应该更多的注意生活在恶劣条件下的穷人的生活。

The astronauts soon got used to the condition of 宇航员不久就习惯了这种失重的环境。

My car is old but in good 我的车旧了但状况良好。

He is overweight and out of 他超重了,健康状况不佳。

【知识拓展】condition意为“条件”时,常用短语on condition that,表示“如果;在……条件下”;在美国英语中,也经常用under the condition that。如:

I will come on condition that Peter is 如果皮特被邀请我就会来。

devote

【课文原句】She devoted all her life to medical work for Chinese women and (P1)

【名师点拨】devote 意为“投入于;献身”,其宾语后常与介词to搭配,to后接名词、代词或动名词。devote … to … 意为“献身;致力于”,指把自己、时间、精力等奉献给某种工作或事业。如:

He has devoted his whole life to benefiting 他一生致力于造福人类。

The girl, to whom he was devoted, died in a traffic accident by

After he has retired, he will devote himself to 他退休后,将致力于园艺。

behave

【课文原句】Jane has studied these animals for many years and helped people understand how much they behave like (P2)

【名师点拨】behave vi & 意为“举动;举止;行为表现”,如behave well/badly等。其名词形式为behaviour,指“行为;态度;举止”。如:

The parents encouraged the children to behave well in front of the 父母鼓励孩子们在客人面前表现良好。

My camera has been behaving well since it was 我的相机自从被修好以来一直很好用。

Everyone praises the children's good 每个人都称赞孩子们的良好行为。

worthwhile

【课文原句】But the evening makes it all (P2)

【名师点拨】worthwhile 意为“值得做的;值得出力的”,可作表语或定语。be worthwhile to do/doing sth表示“值得做……”,在动词-ing形式的结构中,worthwhile有时可以用来替代worth,特别是在表示“值得花时间”这一概念时。如:

I think teaching school is always a worthwhile 我认为学校教学一直是一个有价值的工作。

The book referred to by the professor is worthwhile/worth 这本被教授提到的书是值得读的。

observe

【课文原句】Jane spent many years observing and recording their daily (P2)

【名师点拨】observe 意为“观察;观测;遵守”,可用observe sb do sth,observe + that从句。其名词形式为observation。如:

I observed the man who murdered the boy enter the 我观察到谋杀男孩的男人进了商店。

He observed that we should probably have 他观测到可能会下雨。

Most information was collected by direct observation of the animals’ 通过观察动物的行为,很多信息被收集起来。

argue

【课文原句】She has argued for them to be left in the wild and not used for entertainment or (P2)

【名师点拨】argue作动词时,意为“争论;争吵;争辩”。argue for意为“为……辩护”;argue with sb about/over sth指“就某事和某人争论”;argue against意为“据理反对;争辩……”。如:

It is no use arguing for the plan because it has been 为这个计划争论是没有用的,因为它已经拒绝了。

We are always arguing with each other about 关于金钱,我们总是和彼此争吵。

Father argued fiercely against any increase in expenditure for the children’s annual 爸爸强烈反对增加孩子们年度聚会的开支。

【知识拓展】argue的名词形式为argument,意为“争论;争端;论证”,常构成短语settle an argument指“解决争端”。

care for

【课文原句】It was a small book explaining how to cut the death rate from having and caring for babies by following some rules for keeping babies clean and (P6)

【名师点拨】care for可以表示look after的意思,意为“照顾;照料”,且较正式;也可表示“喜欢”的意思。如:

His son cared for him when he was 他生病时,他的儿子照顾他。

In fact, I don’t really care for 事实上,我真的不喜欢打篮球。

另外,在上面的句子中,explain意为“解释,说明”,后可接名词、代词、从句或wh + to do作宾语,可用explain sth to sb或explain to sb sth。如:

Will you explain to us how we can finish the work as soon as possible?

你可以说明一下我们怎样才能尽可能快的完成工作吗?

【知识拓展】care about意为“介意;在乎”,表示是否认为某事是重要的,某事是否引起了某人的兴趣或使其忧虑。最常用于疑问句或否定句中。about用在宾语前面,但是在连词前面一般省掉。

I don’t care about your 我不在乎你的意见。

I don’t care whether it rains — I’m 我不在乎是否下雨。——我很开心。

intend

【课文原句】I looked carefully at the text and realised that it was intended for women who lived in the (P6)

【名师点拨】intend 意为“打算;计划;想要”。intend to do sth意为“想干某事”;intend后也可以接动词-ing形式或that从句。intend for表示“原打算给某人;准备让……干……”。如:

I intended to come to your house last night but it

昨天晚上我想去你家,但是下雨了。

He hadn’t really intended that they should be

他真得没有想过他们会在那里。

This gift is intended for

这个礼物是给你的。

英语知识点总结复习 第5篇

☆短语归纳☆

含all的短语

1) first of all 首先 (强调顺序)

2) in all (=in total=altogether) 总共

3) after all 毕竟,终究

4) at all 到底,根本

5) above all 最重要的是 (强调重要性)

6) not () at all (= not () in the least) 根本不,一点也不

7) all the time 始终,一直

8) all of a sudden (=suddenly) 突然,冷不防

9) all right 行,可以

10) all at once 立刘,马上

11) all day and all night 日日夜夜

12) all over 遍及

13) all alone 独个儿,独立地

14) all but 几乎,差一点

15) all in all 总的说来

16) all together 一道,同时,总共

17) for all 尽管

[例句] I woke up and didn't hear him at 我醒了,一点儿也没有听到他说话。/ He had so many falls that he was black and blue all 他摔了很多跤,以至于浑身青一块紫一块的。/ You shouldn't scold After all, she is only five years 你不应该责怪他,毕竟,她只有五岁。/ Children need many things, but above all, they need 孩子需要许多东西,最重要的是,需要爱。/ You must have known it all the 你一定一直知道这事。

英语知识点总结复习 第6篇

…to doing奉于

against对抗,反对,与……作斗争

无私地

free from免于,不受

in prison入狱,在狱中服刑

first man to do第一个…的人

time when I first met him was a very difficult period of my

第一次见到他的时候是在我一生中非常艰难的时期。

was generous with his time,for which I was

他十分慷慨地给予我时间,我为此非常感激。

out of 失业

that…/to do

soon as I could尽快,马上

were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were less important,or fight the

我们被置于这样一个境地:要么我们_接受低人一等的现实,要么跟政府作斗争。

位于句首,修饰状语从句时,主句采用部分倒装的语序。

Only in this way can you come up with a solution to the

只有这样,你才能想出解决这个问题的办法。

a matter of fact事实上

up爆炸,打气

equal to和…平等

trouble处于困境 遇到麻烦

willing to do 愿意,乐于

to变成;求助于,借助于,翻到,转向

turn to sb forhelp 向某人求助

heart灰心;泄气,丧失勇气,失去信心

from逃脱,逃离,从……逃出

have done本应做而未做

needn’t have done本不需要做而做了

can’t have done过去不可能做过(对过去的否定推测)

must have done对过去的肯定推测

the 通过考试

better educated受到良好教育

to power执政

proud to do proud of sth为…而自豪

up创立,建立,架起,建造

The company was set up ten years 公司是十年前建立的。

sentenced to…被判处……

you have any thoughts on that你认为那怎么样?

my understanding按我的理解to my opinion

accepted by…被……录取、接受

from死于…(事故等外部原因)die of死于…(疾病等自身原因)

way正在进行

of view观点

with…与……竞争

advise++ doing advise do

advise+that从句(从句的谓语用“should+v原”,should常省略)

注:与advise用法类似的动词如forbid,allow,permit,admit,consider等直接接动词作宾语时要用动名词,但接宾补时后跟不定式。

英语知识点总结复习 第7篇

一. 动词be(am,is,are)的用法:

be动词包括“am”, “is”, “are”三种形式。

①第一人称单数(I)配合am来用。句型解析析:I am+…

例句:I am

I am ten years

I am a

I am a

②第二人称(You)配合are使用。句型解析:You are+…

例句:You are my good

You are a good

You are beautiful

③第三人称单数(He or She or It)配合is使用。句型解析:She(He, It) is +……

例句:She is a good

She is so

She is

④人称复数 (we /you/they)配合are使用。句型解析:We (You, They) are +……

例句We are in Class 5,Grade

They are my

You are good

用法口诀:

我(I)用am, 你(you)用are,is跟着他(he),她(she),它(it)。单数名词用is,复数名词全用are。变否定,更容易,be后not加上去。变疑问,往前提,句末问号莫丢弃。还有一条须注意,句首大写莫忘记。

对应练习:

一. 用括号中适当的词填空。

I ________(am, are, is) from

She _______ (am, are, is) a

Jane and Tom _________(am, is, are) my

My parents _______ (am, is, are) very busy every

_______ (Are, Is, Do, Does) there a Chinese school in New York?

_______ (Be, Are, Were, Was) they excited when he heard the news?

There _____ (be) some glasses on

If he _____ (be) free tomorrow, he will go with

二、人称代词

表示“我”、“你”、“他”、“她”、“它”、“我们”、“你们”、“他们”的词,叫做人称代词。人称代词有人称、数和格的变化,见下表:

人称代词主格:作主语,表示谁怎么样了、干什么了。

I am a You are He is a student,

We/You/They are

人称代词宾格作宾语,表示动作行为的对象。

Give it to Let’s go (let’s =let us)

三、物主代词

表示所有关系的代词叫做物主代词,也可叫做代词所有格。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词二种,其人称和数的变化见下表。

形容词性物主代词(my/your/his/her/its/our/their)+名词

而名词性物主代词则相当于形容词性物主代词+名词,故其后不必加名词。如:

Is this your book?

No,,it isn’t, it’s hers(her book)

This pen is

代词练习

一、用所给代词的正确形式填空。

These are ______ ( he )

That is _______( she )

Lily is _______ ( Lucy )

Tom, this is _____ ( me ) cousin,

Now _____________(her parent) are in

Those __________ ( child ) are _____ ( I ) father’s

Do you know ______ ( it ) name?

Mike and Tom __________ ( be )

Thanks for helping ________( I ).

______(Ann安)mother is ______(we)

四、陈述句

1、 概念:说明一个事实或是陈述说话人的看法的句子,句末用句号。

2、 分类:陈述句根据其语法结构,可大体分为“主语+谓语”和“主语+连系动词+表语”两种;而从语气的角度分,又可分为肯定陈述句和否定陈述句

(1)“主语+谓语”结构

①肯定陈述句

I like that 我喜欢那本书。(陈述一个事实)

I really 我确实同意。(陈述一个观点)

②否定陈述句

I did not buy the 我没有买那个电视。(陈述一个事实)

(2)主语+连系动词+表语结构

①肯定陈述名

The film is boring . 这部电影没意思。(陈述观点)

②否定陈述句

Smoking is not good for your 抽烟对你的健康没有好处。(陈述一个事实)

3、 陈述句的否定结构:

陈述句的否定式主要用两种结构来表达:

(1)句子的谓语动词为be , have 或者谓语动词有助动词、情态动词时,其否定结构为:

主语+谓语动词/助动词/情态动词 + not + 其他成分

I am not a 我不是老师。

We have not (haven`t) any books on 我们没有任何有关动物方面的书。

The children are not (aren`t) playing in the 孩子们没在操场上玩。

He will not (won`t) 他不会来。

We must not (mustn`t) forget the 我们不能忘记过去。

It could not (couldn`t) be 它不可能丢的。

(2) 当句子的谓语动词是do (即行为动词),而且没有助动词或情态动词时,其否定结构为:主语+do (does,did) + not + 动词原形 + 其他成分

You do not (don`t) come here every day . 你没有每天都来这里。

He does not (doesn`t) teach this class . 他不教这个班。

They did not(didn`t) watch TV last night . 昨晚他们没看电视。

注意:陈述句的语调一般用降调。但在表示疑问的语气时,用升调,在书面上要用问号来表示。

You really want to go to Hong Kong ? 你真的想去香港吗?

这句话表示的是一种疑问,只不过是通过陈述的语序和疑问的语气来表达的

五、疑问句

疑问句是用来提出疑问的句子,句末用问号“?”。常考的疑问句有四类,即:一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句。

(1)一般疑问句

一般疑问句通常需要用yes 或no 来回答,所以又叫做“是非疑问句”。在读这种句子时

要用升调。一般疑问句主要有以下几种类型:

1、“be + 主语 + 表语”结构

— Are you sleepy ? 你困了吗?

— Yes, I am . 是的,我困了。

2、“情态动词 + 主语言+ 行为动词(或be)”结构

— May/Can I use the telephone? 我能用这部电话吗?

— Yes, you 是的,可以。

3、“助动词(do, does, did)+ 主语 + 行为动词”结构

— Do you like swimming in summer? 你喜欢夏天游泳吗?

— No, I don`t . 不,我不喜欢。

难点提示

回答否定性一般疑问句时,要在Yes 后面用肯定结构,表示肯定;在No 后面用否定结构,表示否定。注意在说法上正好与汉语习惯相反。诀窍是在回答的时候,只要把它当成没有加否定形式的普通一般疑问句看待就可以了。注意下面例句的回答和它的意思。

— Is he not your elder brother? 他不是你的哥哥吗?

—Yes, he is . 不,他是(我的哥哥)。No, he is 是的,他不是(我的哥哥)。

— Isn`t she very clever? 她难道不是很聪明吗?

— Yes, she 不,她很聪明。— No, she is not . 是,她不聪明。

(2)特殊疑问句

一、特殊疑问句是用来提出来特定问题的疑问句,要求听到问题的人针对特定情况来做具体的回答,不能像一般疑问句一样简单地用Yes 或No 来回答,特殊疑问句要用降调来读。

二、特殊疑问句的结构:

特殊疑问词 + 一般疑问句

Who do English homework in the evening?谁晚上做英语家庭作业?

What do you do in the evening?你晚上做什么?

What homework do you do in the evening?你晚上做什么家庭作业?

When do you do English homework?你什么时候做英语家庭作业?

三、注意:

对人提问时who“谁”

对所属(谁的)提问用whose“谁的”

对哪一个提问用which“哪一个”

对时间提问用when“什么时候”或what time“几点”

对物体提问用what“什么”

对地点提问用where“哪里”

对原因提问用why“为什么”

对方式提问用how“怎么样”

对数量提问用how many“多少”(用于可数名词复数)或how much“多少”(用于不可数名词)

四、难点提示

1、 以why开头的特殊疑问句否定形式常用于表示建议、请求等。Why don`t you have a try? 你为什么不试试呢?

2、 特殊疑问句常用到一些缩略形式,在平时学习中要注意习惯这些用法。

I don`t want to go How about you? 我不想去那儿,你呢?

But what else? 可是还有什么呢?

1、把下列句子变成否定句:

I am listening to ___________

Mike is a ______________________

can clean the _______________

They are in the ____________________

There are some flowers in the

This is my _________________________

We are sweeping the

We need some _________________________

They like making the ___________________

Su Hai and Su Yang live in a new

_____________________________

I put a book on my

_________________________________

They sing “In the classroom”

__________________________________

We play basketball on

________________________________

Tom likes listening to music

______________________________

2、把下列句子变成一般疑问句

I am listening to __________

Mike is a ___________________

Sarah can clean the

They are in the _______________________

There are some flowers in the

This is my ________________________

We are sweeping the

We need some ______________________

They like making the _______________

Su Hai and Su Yang live in a new

_________________________________________________

I put a book on my

_________________________________________________

They sing “In the classroom”

_______________________________________________

We play basketball on

_________________________________________________

Tom likes listening to music

____________________________________________

六.have作实义动词

表示“有”的意思

Look, I have wings, just like

He had fair hair and blue

〔注1〕:其否定和疑问形式变化,在美国通常用助动词do。

〔注2〕:在英国口语中常用have got代替

Look, can’t you see I've got teeth, too,

I haven't got any

和一些其他名词连用,表示:

(1)一种活动。

We have no classes on (上课)

they’re going to have a volleyball (举行比赛)

Are we going to have a meeting this week?(开会)

We are going to have a talk this (听报告)

(2)患病。

I have got a

I have a bad

(3)发生的情况。

I've had so many falls that I'm black and blue all (跌跤)

(4)生育。

The queen ant may have tens of thousands of babies in one

和一与动词同形的名词连用,表示一个动作(have+a+由动词转化和名词)

Are you going to have a

I have a long talk with the

on 或have on,表示“穿着”、“戴着”(=to be wearing)

I noticed he had on bedroom

At the ball Motile had a diamond necklace

表示“吃”、“喝”

I wanted to have a cup of tea and some

Does she have lunch at home?

组成复合结构即“have+宾语+宾语补足语”

(1)不加to的动词不定式作宾语补足语(have do ),表示让、叫某人做某事。

The soldier had him stand with his back to his

〔注〕:否定结构表示“不能让…”或“从未有人…”.

We won't have you blame it on

She had never had anybody speak to her that way

(2)现在分词作宾语补足语(have ()doing),表示让(使)某人做某事。

…the two men had their lights burning all night long….

(3)过去分词作宾语补足语(have ()done),表示:

①使(让,请)别人作某事,表示的动作是别人做的。

Emperor Qin Shi Huang had all the walls joined

…he should have new clothes made of this splendid cloth for the coming great

②遭遇到某事。

Workers in some industries have their hearing harmed by the noise of the

七、英语名词单数变复数的规则

一、绝大多数的可数名词的复数形式,是在该词末尾加上后辍-s。

读音变化:结尾是清辅音读[s],结尾是浊辅音或元音读[z]。

例:friend→friends; cat→cats; style→styles; sport→sports; piece→pieces

二、凡是以s、z、x、ch、sh结尾的词,在该词末尾加上后辍-es构成复数。

读音变化:统一加读[iz]。

例:bus→buses; quiz→quizzes; fox→foxes; match→matches; flash→flashes

三、以辅音字母+y结尾的名词,将y改变为i,再加-es。

读音变化:加读[z]。

例:candy→candies; daisy→daisies; fairy→fairies; lady→ladies; story→stories

四、以-o结尾的名词,如果不是外来词或缩写,就加-es,否则加-s构成复数。

读音变化:加读[z]。

例:tomato→tomatoes; potato→potatoes; torpedo→torpedoes; bingo→bingoes

反例:silo→silos; piano→pianos(外来词); photo→photos; macro→macros(缩写词)

五、以-f或-fe结尾的名词,多为将-f或-fe改变为-ves,但有例外。

读音变化:尾音[f]改读[vz]。

例:knife→knives; life→lives; leaf→leaves; staff→staves; scarf→scarves

反例:roof→roofs

六、以-us结尾的名词(多为外来词),通常将-us改变为-i构成复数。

读音变化:尾音[Es]改读[ai],其中[kEs]要改读为[sai],[gEs]要改读为[dVai]。

例:fungus→fungi; abacus→abaci; focus→foci; cactus→cacti; cestus→cesti

七、以-is结尾的名词,通常将-is改变为-es。

读音变化:尾音[is]改读[i:z]。

例:axis→axes; basis→bases; naris→nares; hypothesis→hypotheses; restis→restes

八、以-ix结尾的名词,通常将-ix改变为-ices,但有例外。

读音变化:尾音[iks]改读[isi:z]。

例:matrix→matrices; directrix→directrices; calix→calices; appendix→appendices 反例:affix→affixes

九、以-um结尾的名词,将-um改变为-a。

读音变化:去掉鼻尾音。

例:forum→fora; stadium→stadia; aquarium→aquaria; datum→data; vacuum→vacua

十、以-a结尾的名词,在该词末尾加上后辍-e。

读音变化:尾音[E]改读[i:]。

例:larva→larvae; formula→formulae; ala→alae; media→mediae; hydra→hydrae

十一、部分单词的复数形式不变。

读音变化:保持原音。

例:fish→fish; sheep→sheep; cattle→cattle; deer→deer; salmon→salmon

十二、极少数单词,其复数形式没有任何规律。

读音变化:没有规律。

例:man→men; woman→women; child→children; person→people; ox→oxen

十三、一些单数词得加en才能变成复数词:

例:ox→oxen; child→children; brother→brethren

十四、一些单数词得改头换面一番,才能变成复数词

例:analysis→analyses分析; basis→bases基础; datum→data数据; foot→feet;

formula→formulae/formulas公式; goose→geese; louse→lice虱子; man→men

mouse→mice; medium→media/mediums媒介; memorandum→memoranda/memorandums备忘录;

parenthesis→parentheses 圆括号; phenomenon→phenomena现象; radius→radii 半径

tooth→teeth; woman→women

十五、有些名词是单数、复数不分的

例:deer; fish; cannon; sheep; salmon 鲑鱼; trout 鳟鱼

十六、一些名词虽分单数、复数,但出现次数多的总是单数词

例:abscence; clothing; film; help; furniture家具; machinery机械; news; scenery风景; sugar;

traffic交通

十七、另一些名词则以复数词出现的机会较多

例:bellows风箱; clothes; police; shorts短裤; scissors剪刀; spectacles眼镜; shears大剪刀

trousers长裤; wages工资

十八、compound nouns,这类复数词是以主要的名词来表示

例:daughter-in-law→daughters-in-law 媳妇; father-in-law→fathers-in-law岳父

man-of-war→men-of-war兵舰; maid-servant→maid-servants

step-son→step-sons晚子; son-in-law→sons-in-law

十九、若表达具体数目,要借助数量词

例:pair(对,双); suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers

二十、另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思,

例:goods货物,waters水域,fishes(各种)鱼

二十一、除人民币元、角、分外,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。

例:a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters

以O结尾的词,许多加es构成复数,特别是一些常用词如:heroes,potatoes,tomatoes,echoes,tornadoes,torpedoes,dominoes,vetoes,mosquitoes,Negroes,mangoes,buffaloes,volcanoes

但下面几类词只加s:

以“元音+o”或“oo”结尾词如:videos,radios,studios,folios

一些外来词,特别是音乐方面的如:pianos,solos,concertos,tobaccos,mottos,cellos

一些缩写词和专有名词,如:kilos,photos,memos,micros,Eskimos,Filipnos

有个别词加两种词尾都可以,如:archipelago(e)s,halo(e)s,cargoes(英),cargos(美)

名词由单数变成复数的练习

写出下列名词复数

leaf______ puppy_______ box_______ knife_______ fly______ fox______ bus______ bench_____ brush_____ kiss______ church______ dish_____ ruler______ peach________ glass_____ pencil________ boy______ zoo______ man______ roof_______ sheep_______ knife______ lady______ key______ story______ watch______ bamboo______ city______ family______ day_____ apple_______ eraser______ speech______ thief______ mouse______ fish_____ goose____ people ______ ox_____ Chinese _______ deer _______ foot______ child_______ tooth_______ guy________ hero_______ spy______ boss_____ monkey______ city ______ goat ______ radio ________ horse ______ dog ______

用所给的单词的复数的正确形式填空:

1>There are so many________(wolf)in the

2>There are three ______(chair) in the

3>These _______(tomato) are

4>______(hero) are

5>My brother looks after two ______(baby)

6>There are some ______(deer) eating the

7>My father likes to eat _______(potato).

8>Chinese ______(people)like to eat

9>I have a lot of ______(toy) in my

10>I help my mother wash ______(dish) in the

11>I have two ______(pencil-box).

12>There are some ______(bus)in the

13>Peter has eight _____(foot).

14>Linda has three _______(tooth).

15>There are some ______(child) in the

16>Michael likes the ______(mouse).

17>There are some ______(goose)in the

18>My uncle and father are _____(man).

19>Tom and King are _____(boy).

20>Linda has three ______(tooth).

八、现在进行时

1,表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作。

Please don't make so much I'm writing a 不要吵闹。我正在写作文。

Let's set It isn’t raining 咱们出发吧。现在不下雨了。

这类情况常与now现在,at the present现在,at the moment现在,today今天,this week这个星期,this year今年等时间状语连用。有时通过上下文可以判断出应采用何种时态,如:

It's four o'clock in the The children are playing football on the sports 现在是下午四点。孩子们在操场上踢足球。

Hurry up! We are all waiting for 快点!我们大家都等着你。

Look! They are reading over there under the 看!他们在那边的树底下看书。

Listen! She is singing in the 听!她在房间里唱歌。

Where is Kate? She is reading in the 凯特在哪里?她在房间里看书。

Why are you crying? Is something wrong?

为什么哭呢?有什么不对?

2,表示现阶段正在进行而说话时不一定在进行的动作。

We are working in a factory these 这几天我们在一家工厂工作。

They are compiling a 他们在编一本词典。

这类情况常与today今天,this week这个星期,this evening今天晚上,these days现在、目前等时间状语连用。

3,在口语中表示主语计划将要作的动作。

They are leaving for New York 明天他们将要动身前往纽约。

Is your brother departing soon? 你的兄弟很快就要启程吗?

这类情况常与come来,go去, leave离开,depart离开,arrive到达,stay逗留,start开始等动词连用。所用的动词必须是动作而不是状态,主语必须是人。

4,现在进行时与always等副词连用时带有感情色彩。

He's always quarrelling with 他老喜欢跟别人吵架。

She is constantly worrying about her son's 她不停地为她儿子的健康担心着。

The boy is forever asking 那个男孩老是问问题。

这类情况常与always总是,usually通常,continually不断的,constantly经常的,forever永远、老是等副词连用。

5,有的现在进行时句子和一般现在时同义。用现在进行时表示问者的关切心情。

How are you feeling today? (How do you feel today?)你今天感觉如何?

I am looking (look)forward to your next 我盼望你下次再来。

Why are you looking(do you look)so sad? 为什么你看起来这么愁眉苦脸的样子呢?

6,有的动词用于现在进行时表示“逐渐”的含义。此种用法除了偶尔和now连用外,一般不和其他时间副词连用的。

Our study is becoming more 我们的学习变得越来越有趣了。

The leaves are turning 树叶渐渐地变红了。

The war is 战争接近尾声了。

Wait a moment; I am finishing my 等一会儿,我的晚饭就要吃完了。

适合于此种用法的动词有:bet/grow/become/turn/run/go变成,begin开始,forget忘记,remember记得,die死,finish完成,find发现,rise增强等.

7,“be”动词的现在进行时。“be”动词用于现在进行时表示说话者认为是短暂的、和平常不一样的、甚至是伪装的。

He is being 他在装傻。

He is being 他表现得特别老实。

She is being 她故意表现粗鲁。

I can't understand why he is being so 我不明白此时他为何如此自私。

适合于此种用法的有:foolish愚蠢的,nice好的,kind好心的,careful细心的,patient耐心的,lazy懒惰的,silly傻的,rude粗鲁的,polite礼貌的,impolite无礼的等表示人的特性、性格的形容词。(“be”动词用于现在进行时表示人的行为,纯粹表示心理或生理的状态而不带有行动时或主语不是人时,“be”动词不能用于现在进行时)如:

I am (表语是纯粹的心理状态,不可用am being) 我很快乐。

He's (表语是纯粹的生理状态,不可用is being) 他很疲倦。

It's hot (主语不是人,不可用is being) 今天很热。 常和现在进行时连用的时间状语

用法实例:

(1)当句子中有now时,常表示动作正在进行,这时要用现在进行时。如:They are playing basketball 现在他们正在打篮球。

(2)以look, listen开头的句子,提示我们动作正进行,这时要用现在进行时。如:Listen!She is singing an English 听,她正在唱英语歌。

(3)表示当前一段时间或现阶段正在进行的动作,且此时有this week, these days等时间状语,这时常用现在进行时。如:We are making model planes these 这些天我们在做飞机模型。

(4)描述图片中的人物的动作,也为了表达更生动。此时也常用现在进行时。如:Look at the The children are flying kites in the 看这幅图,那些孩子正在公园放风筝。

一般结构:

肯定句式:主语+be( am, is, are)+现在分词+其它.

否定句式:主语+be(am, is, are) +not +现在分词+其它.

一般疑问句:Be(am, is, are) +主语+现在分词+其它?

特殊疑问句:疑问词+be(am, is, are)+主语+现在分词+其它?

对一般疑问句作答,肯定回答:yes,主语+be,否定回答:no,主语+be not

对现在进行时的特殊疑问句的回答,它不可以用Yes或No直接作答,要根据实际情况回答。

Eg:They are working these He is buying a

They aren’t working these He isn’t buying a

Are they working these days? Is he buying a bike?

What are they doing these days? What is he doing ?

现在分词的变法有

1、一般在动词词尾加上-ing

Jump——jumping

go——going

pushing——pushing

play——playing

2、以不发音字母e结尾的动词,先去e,再加

Take——takeing

leave——leaving

write——writing

have——having

3、.以重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母的词,它前面是单个元音字母时要先将词尾的辅音字母双写,再加上

Cut—cutting

put—putting

stop—stopping

fit—fitting

begin—beginning

forget—forgetting

以ie结尾的词,将ie变为y再加ing

Lie—lying

练习:

尽管现在进行时比较简单,但在做题过程中也常会犯一些错误,常见的错误有如下几种:

1、 Look! He _____their mother do the

is helping are help is help helpping

2 、_____are the boys doing ? They are singing in the

A .Who B .How

3、 Don’t talk My mother

is sleeping B .are sleeping sleeping D .sleep

4 、Danny Don’t call

is writeing B .is writing D .writes

5 、–When_____he_____back?

– Sorry, I don’t

does,come coming come coming

6、 It’s ten o’ My mother _____(lie)in

7、 What____he _____(mend)?

8、 We _____(play)games

9、 What ____you____(do) thesse days?

10、 ____he ___(clean) the classroom?

11、 Who____(sing)in the next room?

12、The girl____(like)wearing a Look! She ____(wear)a red sweater

答案:1 is lying 2 is mending 3 are playing 4 are doing

5 Is cleaning 6 is singing 7 likes ; is wearing

注意:

把动词变成现在分词形式易出错

例:1、They are (swim)

2 、Jenny is plaiing(play)

答案: 2 .playing

丢掉be动词或忘记把动词变成现在分词

例:1、 Look,two children (fly) a kite in the

2 、Li Mingisn’t read ( not read) a book in bed

答案:1 are flying 2 isn’t reading

解析:现在进行时肯定句的结构规律为: “be+现在分词,缺一不可”。这一点必须牢记。

对动词或动词词组提问时丢掉doing

例:1 、The students are singing in the (对划线部分提问)

What are the students in the room?答案:What are the students doing in the room?

解析:现在进行时态中对动作提问可记住此句式“What +be +主语+doing+其它?”

现在进行时态的选择疑问句中易忽视or后用现在分词形式

例:孩子们在跑还是在跳?

Are the children running or jump?答案:Are the children running or jumping?

解析: or连接的是两个并列成分,动词形式须一致。

【英语知识点总结复习(合集7篇)】相关文章:

1.英语知识点总结复习(合集7篇)