英语语法总结(通用16篇)

时间:2023-05-15 21:00:19 范文大全

作为一名人民教师,教学反思是教师的一项重要工作,其中包括对自己的教学心得体会的总结。下面是范文狗小编为大家收集整理的英语语法总结,多篇合集,全方面满足您的需求,希望能帮到您!

英语语法总结 第1篇

Join和join in是英语学习中非常容易混淆的点,许多人在应用过程中经常会出错。其实只要掌握其中的技巧,就非常好区分。下面小编就为大家详细解释一下join和join in如何使用。

Join和join in的基本词义

join

英 [d???n]美 [d???n]

连接;联结;加入;参加

结合;参与;上(火车、飞机等);上(路)

连接;结合;接合处;接合点

例句

know you willjoinme in wishing them

我知道你会同我一起祝愿他们诸事顺遂的。

expect up to 300,000 protesters tojointhe

组织者们预计会有多达30万名的抗议者参加这次游行。

says she longs tojoinan amateur dramatics

安杰拉说她渴望参加业余戏剧班。

join in

英 [d??in in]美 [d???n ?n]

参加,加入;

例句

hope that everyone will be able tojoin inthe

我希望每个人都能够加入进来,玩得开心。

and again he'djoin inwhen we were playing video

我们玩电子游戏时,他偶尔会和我们一起玩。

didn't want tojoin in, but Kenneth

我不想加入,但是肯尼思非要坚持。

在口语表达角度上,join的含义是成为…的一员,参加。join in的含义是加入,参加(活动)。Join多指加入某个党派或社会团体,从而成为该党派或团体的一员。join in多指参加某项运动或活动,例如参加讨论、游行、罢工等。

英语语法总结 第2篇

介词与关系代词

1、介词如何确定

(1)依据定语从句中动词的习惯搭配来确定

(2)依据先行词的习惯搭配来确定

(3)根据意思来确定

(4)为了强调某一名词,不定式前加上关系词

2、关系代词作介词的宾语时,介词的位置

(1)whom和which可以和介词一起放在先行词和从句之间,也可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面。

(2)含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开,介词仍放在动词的后面。

(3)关系代词that在从句中作介词宾语时,介词不能放在它的前面,只能放在从句中有关动词的后面。

(4)关系代词whose也可以在从句中与它所修饰的名词一起作介词宾语。

3、“名词/数词/代词+介词+关系代词”结构常见的形式有:名词/one/two/some/none/all/both/several/many/most/afew/alittle/the+比较级/the+最高级…+of+which/whom。

英语语法总结 第3篇

第一章 名词性从句

在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses)。 名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

一. 主语从句

主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。

1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较

It 作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调的是什么成分,都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。例如:

a) It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film. 你不去看那场电影真可惜。

b) It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not. 我对你成功与否不感兴趣。

c) It is in the morning that the murder took place. 谋杀案是在早上发生的。(强调句型) d) It is John that broke the window. 是John打碎的窗户。(强调句型)

2. 用it 作形式主语的结构

(1) It is + 名词 + 从句

It is a fact that ? 事实是?

It is an honor that ?非常荣幸

It is common knowledge that ?是常识

(2) It is + 形容词 + 从句

It is natural that? 很自然?

It is strange that? 奇怪的是?

(3) It is + 不及物动词 + 从句

It seems that? 似乎?

It happened that? 碰巧?

It appears that? 似乎?

(4) It + 过去分词 + 从句

It is reported that? 据报道?

It has been proved that? 已证实?

It is said that? 据说?

3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况:

(1)if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。

(2)It is said /reported?结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如:

正确表达:It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week.

错误表达:That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said.

(3)It happens/occurs?结构中的`主语从句不可提前。例如:

正确表达:It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.

错误表达:That he failed in the examination occurred to him.

(4)It doesn’t matter how/whether ?结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如:

正确表达:It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not.

错误表达:Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter.

(5)含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时,主语从句不可提前。例如:

正确表达:Is it likely that it will rain in the evening?

错误表达:Is that will rain in the evening likely?

4. what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别

what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语.宾语.表语,而that 则不然。例如:

a) What you said yesterday is right.

b) That she is still alive is a consolation

二.宾语从句

宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句,通常放在主句谓语动词 (及物动词) 或介词之后。

1. 作动词的宾语

(1) 由that引导的宾语从句(that 通常可以省略), 例如:

I heard that be joined the army. 我听说他参军了。

(2) 由what, whether (if) 引导的宾语从句,例如:

a) She did not know what had happened. 她不知道发生了什么。

b) I wonder whether you can change this note for me. 我想知道你是否能帮我改一下笔记。

(3) 动词+间接宾语+宾语从句。例如:

She told me that she would accept my invitation. 她对我说她会接受我的邀请。

2. 作介词的宾语,例如:

Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another. 我们的成功取决于我们之间的合作。

3. 作形容词的宾语,例如:

I am afraid (that) I’ve made a mistake. 我恐怕我已经犯了一个错误。

注意:that 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语:anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。也可以将此类词后的that 从句的看作原因状语从句。

4. it 可以作为形式宾语

it 不仅可以作为形式主语,还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾,特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。 例如:

We heard it that she would get married next month. 我听说她下个朋就会结婚了。

5. 后边不能直接跟that 从句的动词

这类动词有allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语,但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。如:

正确表达:I admire their winning the match.

错误表达:I admire that they won the match.

6. 不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词

有些动词不可用于“动词+间接宾语+that从句“结构中,常见的有envy, order, accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate等。例如:

正确表达:He impressed the manager as an honest man.

错误表达:He impressed the manager that he was an honest man.

7. 否定的转移

若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等,其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式。例如:

I don’t think this dress fits you well. 我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。

三. 表语从句

表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句,放在系动词之后,一般结构是“主语+连系动词+表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。引导表语从句的that常可省略。另外,常用的还有the reason is that? 和It is because 等结构。例如:

1) The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.

2) This is why we can’t get the support of the people.

3) But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.

4) The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.

四. 同位语从句

同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。

1. 同位语从句的功能

同位语从句对于名词进一步解释,说明名词的具体内容,一般由that引导,例如:

1) The king’s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.

2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.

2. 同位语在句子中的位置

同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面,而是被别的词隔开。例如: He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.

3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别

(1) 定语从句中的that既代替先行词,同时以在从句中作某个成分(主语或宾语),而同位语从句中的that是连词,只起连接主句与从句的作用,不充当句中任何成分。

(2) 定语从句是形容词性的,其功能是修饰先行词,对先行词加以限定,描述定的性质或特征;同位语从句是名词性的,其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如:

1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.(他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。)(第一个that引导的从句是定语从句,that在从句中作宾语)

2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.(汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。)(同位语从句,that在句中不作任何成分)

高一英语名词性从句专项练习

2. The manager came over and asked the customer how____

A. did the quarrel came about B .the quarrel had come about

C. had the quarrel come about D. had the quarrel come about

3. Energy is ____makes thing work..

A. what B. something C. anything D. that

4. Information has been put forward ____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.

A. while B. that C. when D. as

5. This is ___the Shenzhou V Spaceship landed.

A. there B. in which C. where D. when

6. They have no idea at all____.

A. where he has gone B. where did he go

C. which place has he gone D. where has he gone

7. The doctor did a lot to reduce the patient’s fear ____he would die of the disease.

A. that B. which C. of which D. of that

8. The order said ___the soldiers ____the small village the next morning.

A. that ;had to leave B. that; should leave

C. /; must leave D. when; should leave

9. ___is no possibility ____Bob can win the first prize in the match.

A. There; that B. It; that C. there; whether D. It; whether

10. The question came up at the meeting_____ we had enough money for our research.

A. that B. which C. whether D. if

11. Is _____he said really true?

A. that B. what C. why D. whether

12.____the meeting should last two days or three days doesn’t matter.

A. That B. Whether C. If D. Where

13. It worried her a bit _____her hair was turning gray.

A. while B. if C. that D. for

14. _____more countries can use natural energy in the future remains to be seen.

A. Whether B. This C. who D. If

15.____he will go to work in a mountain village surprises all of us.

A. What B. That C. Whether D. If

16. ____you don’t like him is none of my business.

A. What B. That C. Who D. Which

17.____all the inventions have in common is ____they have succeeded.

A. What; what B. That; that C. what; that D. That ; what

18. ____appeared to me that he enjoyed the food very much.

A. What B. It C. All that D. That

19. It is widely ______that smoking can cause cancer.

A. believed B. think C. say D. hoped

20. ____caused the accident is still a complete mystery.

A. What B. That C. How D. Where

Keys:

1—5 ABABC 6—10 AABAC 11—15 BBCAB 16—20 BCBAA

第二章 “It”用法及其句型和固定搭配讲解

一、It用作实词

表达以下概念:指代前文提到的事物;替代前文中的内容;指代一位性别不明的小孩或未知的人;指代未指明但谈话双方都知道的那件事;指代时间、天气、气候、距离等自然现象??

二、It用作形式主语

替代作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词,而把真正作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。

It 作形式主语的常见句型:

1. 代作主语的动词不定式,其句型为

(1) It be adj. (for sb.) to do sth.

此处adj. 通常为描述事件的形容词:easy, difficult, hard, necessary, unnecessary, possible, impossible, likely, unlikely, right, wrong, important, unimportant, legal, illegal, well-mannered, ill-mannered, polite, impolite, clear, obvious, certain, suitable, proper, fit, useful,

英语语法总结 第4篇

这两个字都是有人、某人的意思,一般可以通用,例如:Someone/Somebody must have told 一定有人告诉了他。Somebody比someone较常用于口语。

someone用法

音标:bai英['s?mw?n]美['s?mw?n]

释义: 有人,某人

短语

tease someone开某人玩笑

Complimenting Someone称赞时;称誉时

Contradicting Someone反驳他人时;批驳别人时

someone pron某人;有人;或人;有名气的人

Someone Painting有人正在画画

例句

1、Someone ripped off my

有人偷了我的钱夹子。

2、Someone came out with a most useful

有人提出了一个非常有益的建议。

3、Hearing someone come in, he hid himself behind the

听见有人进来了,他一闪身藏在了窗帘的后面。

4、Someone stole a painting from the

有人从博物馆盗走了一幅画。

5、Do you hear someone holler?

你听到有人在喊叫吗?

2somebody用法

音标:英['s?mb?d?]美['s?mb?di]

释义:

大人物;重要人物

有人;某人

短语

Grab Somebody

summon somebody召集某人

molest somebody非礼

call somebody给某人打电话

例句

1、I heard somebody

2、Somebody is knocking on the

英语语法总结 第5篇

I.要点

1、连词的种类

(1)并列连词用来连接并列关系的词、短语或分句,如and, for, or, both…and, either…or, neither…nor等。

(2)从属连词用来引导从句,如that, if, whether, when, after, as soon as等。

除了从属连词(引导状语从句)外,还有其它可以用来引导从句的词类。它们是连接代词和连接副词(引导名词性从句),关系代词和关系副词(引导定语从句)。

2、常用连词举例

(1) and和,并且

They drank and sang all night.

(2) both…and和,既…也…

Both my parents and I went there.

(3) but但是,而

I'm sad, but he is happy.

(4) either…or或…或…,要么…要么…

Either you're wrong, or I am.

(5) for因为

I asked him to stay, for I had something to tell him.

(6) however然而,可是

At first, he didn't want to go there. Later, however, he decided to go.

(7) neither…nor既不…也不

Neither my parents nor my aunt agrees with you.

(8) not only…but(also)不但…而且…

He not only sings well, but also dances well.

(9) or或者,否则

Hurry up, or you'll be late.

Are you a worker or a doctor?

(10) so因此,所以

It's getting late, so I must go.

(11) although虽然

Although it was late, they went on working.

(12) as soon as一…就

I'll tell him as soon as I see him.

(13) because因为

He didn't go to school, because he was ill.

(14) unless除非,如果不

I won't go unless it is fine tomorrow.

(15) until直到…

He didn't leave until eleven. (瞬间动词用于not… until结构)

He stayed there until eleven.

(16) while当…时候,而(表示对比)

While I stayed there, I met a friend of mine. (while后不可用瞬间动词)

My pen is red while his is blue.

(17) for因为

He was ill, for he didn't come. (结论是推断出来的)

(18) since自从…

I have lived here since my uncle left.

(19) hardly… when一…就

I had hardly got to the station when the train left.

(20) as far as就…来说

As far as I know, that country is very small.

You may walk as far as the lake. (一直走到湖那里)

英语语法总结 第6篇

1、人称代词主格和宾格的区别:主格通常位于句中第一个动词之前(有时候位于than之后),宾格一般位于动词或介词之后。

2、物主代词形容词性与名词性的区别:形容词性用时后面一般要带上名词,名词性则单独使用,后面不带名词。

人称代词物主代词

主格宾格形容词性名词性

我I me我的my mine

你,你们you you你的,你们的your yours

他he him他的his his

她she her她的her hers

它it it它的its its

我们we us我们的our ours

他(她,它)们they them他(她,它)们的their theirs

英语语法总结 第7篇

初一英语语法虽然是从简单的一些日常用语出发的,但语法中常会有一些知识点看起来很细小,容易被忽视,但这些知识点掌握不熟练,往往会造成一些语法应用上的错误。因此在学习初一英语语法时,要认真、细心,不要觉得一些地方不重要而得过且过。下面从几个方面,总结出了初一英语语法,如果要复习英语句法的同学,可以参考一下,一、初一英语语法——词法

今天讲的内容1、名词

A)、名词的数

我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词,而不可数名词它没有复数形式,但可数名词却有单数和复数之分,复数的构成如下:

一)在后面加s。如:fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas

二)x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如:boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes

三)1)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es 如:baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, comedy-comedies,

documentary-documentaries, story-stories

2)以元音字母加y结尾的`直接加s。如:day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways

四)以o结尾加s(外来词)。如:radios, photos, 但如是辅音加o的加es:如: tomatoes西红柿, potatoes马铃薯

五)以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es(s)。如:knife-knives, wife-wives,

half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves

六)单复数相同(不变的)有:fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese

七)一般只有复数,没有单数的有:people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks

八)单词形式不变,既可以是单数也可以是复数的有:police警察局,警察, class班,同学, family家,家庭成员

九)合成的复数一般只加主要名词,多数为后一个单词。如:action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。如:man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers

十)有的单复数意思不同。如:fish鱼 fishes鱼的种类, paper纸 papers报纸,卷子,论文, work工作 works作品,工厂, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯,眼镜, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光线 lights灯, people人 peoples民族, time时间 times时代, 次数, chicken 鸡肉 chickens 小鸡

十一) 单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加s或’s。如:Is (I’s), Ks (K’s)。但如是缩略词则只加s。如:IDs, VCDs, SARs

十二) 特殊形式的有:child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen,

Englishman-Englishmen

B)名词的格

当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时,我们就要使用所有格形式。构成

如下:

一)单数在后面加’s。如:brother’s, Mike’s, teacher’s

二)复数以s结尾的直接在s后加’,如果不是以s结尾的与单数一样处理。如:Teachers’ Day教师节, classmates’; Children’s Day六一节, Women’s Day妇女节

三)由and并列的名词所有时,如果是共同所有同一人或物时,只加最后一个’s,但分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处理。如:Mike and Ben’s room迈克和本的房间(共住一间),Mike’s and Ben’s rooms迈克和本的房间(各自的房间)

2、代词

项目 人称代词 物主代词 指示代词 反身代词

人称 主格 宾格 形容词 名词性

第一人称 单数 I me my mine myself

复数 we us our ours ourselves

第二人称 单数 you you your yours yourself

复数 you you your yours yourselves

第三人称 单数 she her her hers herself

he him his his himself

it it its its this that itself

复数 they them their theirs these those themselves

3、动词

A) 第三人称单数

当动词是第三人称单数时,动词应该像名词的单数复数那样加s,如下:

一)一般在词后加s。如:comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains

二)在x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如:watches, washes, wishes, finishes 三)1)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es。如:study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries

2)以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如:plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys

四)以o结尾加es。如:does, goes

五)特殊的有:are-is, have-has

B) 现在分词

当我们说某人正在做什么事时,动词要使用分词形式,不能用原形,构成如下:

一)一般在后加ing。如:spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing

二)以不发音e的结尾的去掉e再加ing。如:dance-dancing,

wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having

三)以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母+一个辅音字母(注意除开字母组合如show –showing, draw-drawing)要双写最后的辅音字母再加ing。如:put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting,

begin-beginning

四)以ie结尾的变ie为y再加ing。如:tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位于

4、形容词的级

我们在对两个或以上的人或物进行对比时,则要使用比较或最高级形式。构成如下:

一) 一般在词后加er或est(如果是以e结尾则直接加r或st)。如:greater-greatest, shorter –shortest, taller –tallest, longer –longest, nicer- nicest, larger -largest

二)以重读闭音节结尾且1个元音字母+1个辅音字母(字母组合除外,如few-fewer fewest)结尾的双写结尾的辅音再加er /est。如:

big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest

三) 以辅音字母+y结尾的变y为i加er/est。如:happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier

friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest

四)特殊情况:(两好多坏,一少老远)

good/well - better best many/much - more most bad/ill – worse worst

little- less least old- older/elder oldest/eldest far-

farther/further farthest/furthest

5、数词 (基变序,有规则;一、二、三,自己背;五、八、九、十二;

英语语法总结 第8篇

1、词类:英语词类分十种:

名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。

1、名词(n.): 表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如:boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange.

2、代词(pron.): 主要用来代替名词。如:who, she, you, it .

3、形容词(adj..):表示人或事物的性质或特征。如:good, right, white, orange .

4、数词(num.): 表示数目或事物的顺序。如:one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth.

5、动词(v.): 表示动作或状态。如:am, is,are,have,see .

6、副词(adv.): 修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如:now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly.

7、冠词(art..):用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如:a, an, the.

8、介词(prep.): 表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind.

9、连词(conj.): 用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before .

10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如:oh, well, hi, hello.

2、句子成分:英语句子成分分为七种:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。

1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如:I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐)

2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如:Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间)

3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。如:My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍)

4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如:He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词)

有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如:He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信)

有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如:He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信)

5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如:

Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市)

6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。如:He works hard .(他工作努力)

7、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。如:They usually keep their classroom clean.(他们通常让教室保持清洁) / He often helps me do my lessons.(他常常帮我做功课) / The teacher wanted me to learn French all by myself.(老师要我自学法语)

☆同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步说明它的情况。如:Where is your classmate Tom ?(你的同学汤姆在哪里?)

英语语法总结 第9篇

1.同位语从句:同位语从句在句中作A同位语,对被修饰名词的内容予以解释说明。同位语的特点是:抽象名词在前,表达具体内容的从句在后。

常见的名词包括: assumption假定/belief看法/ conclusion结论/ doubt怀疑等。 例句:The suggestion that we should develop the natural resources in the region has been discussed. 关于我们应该开发本地区资源的建议已经讨论过了。

2.现在完成时:表示过去延续到现在的动作或状态。具体来说,这种用法是表示开始于过去的动作一直持续到现在,而且还可能继续持续下去。谓语动词一般为延续性动词。

例句:An old woman walked out into the middle of the street. The policeman yelled to her, “Don’t you know what it means when I hold up my hand?” The lady said, “Sure I do. I have been a schoolteacher for 28 years now.” 一个老妇人走到了马路中央,这时,一位交警朝着她嚷道:“我都把手举起来了,你难道还不知道什么意思吗?”老太太说:“我当然知道,我都做了28 年的老师了。”

3. 时间状从:not…until… 用法。例句:The students didn’t stop talking until the teacher came in.

4. it做形式主语,句子做逻辑主语:如果主语太长,常用代词 it 作形式主语,将真正的主语从句置于句尾,以保持句式的平衡。

例句:It makes no difference what you read or study if you can’t remember it. 如果你记不住,那么你读什么或者学什么都不重要了。

5. 现在分词短语作状语:

(1)现在分词作时间状语。例句:There are several things to consider when buying fresh foods. 当购买新鲜食品时,有几个事情要考虑。

(2)现在分词作条件状语。例句:Working hard, you will succeed. 如果努力工作,你将会成功。

(3)现在分词作伴随状语。例句:All night long he lay awake, thinking of the problem. 他整夜躺在床上睡不着,思考着那个问题。

(4)现在分词作方式状语。例句:Please answer the question using another way. 请用另一种方法回答问题。

(5)现在分词作原因状语。例句:Not knowing her address, I can’t write to her.由于不知道她的地址,我没法给她写信。

(6)现在分词作结果状语。

例句:Possessing a car gives a much greater degree of mobility, enabling the driver to move around freely. 拥有汽车使机动程度更高,使司机能自由自在地往来各地。

(7)现在分词作让步状语。

例句:Although working from morning till night his father didn’t get enough food.虽然他父亲从早到晚拼命干,但是还是挣不够吃的。

英语语法总结 第10篇

1对于一个初学者来说,刚开始不应过度在意语法。

这就好比小孩走路,没有必要掌握技巧,需要的只是多多尝试,慢慢地就有了感觉,然后平衡能力就好了,随着年龄的增长可以学习如何走得好看。其实学英语也是如此,刚开始要多读,多说,学任何语言都要有一个模仿的过程。

2有了一定的阅读量和词汇量之后,也就是说你有了一定的积累,然后就可以看看语法了,刚开始看一些简单的语法,再回想一下你读过的一些东西,仔细想这些句子是怎么来的。

看语法的话也讲究主次,最基本的一定要先掌握,比如主谓宾,动词(及物动词,不及物动词)等等,句式结构,句式搭配都有哪些,这些东西也是你学习语法的骨架,是学习英语的根本,试想这些基本的东西你都搞不明白,你怎么可能去读懂那些更高级的句子呢。

4更进一步,可以通过阅读来不断地巩固你所学习的语法,也就是我们通常所说的培养语感,当你大多数时候靠语感来判读分析一个句子的时候,说明你的英语水平已经很可以了,就像我们说我们的汉语时,根本就不用寻思它合理与否。

英语的学习在于坚持,语法的学习更是如此,刚入门的时候更要注意这个。

英语语法总结 第11篇

关系副词引导的定语从句

1、when时间状语

注意:It/Ihis/That+be+thefirst/second/lasttimethat…只能用that,that可以省略,从句用相应的完成时。

2、where地点状语

注意:当先行词为模糊的地点时,如,case,position,stage,scene,spot,activity,family,job等名词时用

3、why原因状语先行词为reason。

英语语法总结 第12篇

一般现在时表示经常发生、习惯性动作、客观真理、科学事实、格言,目前的特征、状态、能力等。

主句是一般将来时,时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。如:

I’ll go there after I finish my If it rains tomorrow, I won’t go

在以here, there开头的句子里,go, come等少数动词的一般在时表示正在发生的动作。

例如:There goes the 铃响了。There comes the 汽车来了。Here she 她来了。

表示正在进行的动作。

表示按计划安排即将发生的动作。

例如:She is leaving for 她要去北京。

He is working as a teacher 从明天起他要做老师。

My father is coming to see me this 这个星期六我爸爸要来看我。

代替一般现在时,描绘更加生动。

例如:The Changjiang River is flowing into the 江水滚滚向东流。The sun is rising in the 太阳从东方冉冉升起。

大多数动词可用于进行时,但也有些动词不用于进行时。常见的有:exist, live, understand, mean, owe, belong to, know, doubt, suppose, remember, forget,

believe,trust,want,wish,refuse,like,hate,dislike,prefer,mind,hope等。

表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果,或说话时已完成的动作。

例如:I have finished the She has cleaned the

表示从过去开始,待续到现在的动作或状态,往往和“for…”, “since…”表述的一段时间状语连用。例如:He has learned English for six They have worked here since they left

现在完成时与一般过去时的区别:

1)用两种时态来表述发生在过去的某一动作,现在完成时强调这一过去动作对现在产生的影响或结果,而一般过去时只表达过去的动作或状态,和现在关系不大。例如:She has cleaned the It’s very clean (此句has cleaned就不能改为一是因为cleaned与现状无关,二是因为一般过去时不可突然跳到It’s…这样的一般现在时。)

2)汉语中的“了”、“过”、“曾”等词常用完成表达,如:I have seen that (我看过那部电影了。)但是如果是在特定的过去时间“看了”、“做过”,就不可用完成时而必须用一般过去进来表达。例如:When did you see that film? I saw it (你什么时候看了那部电影?我昨天看的。)不能说:When have you seen that film? I have seen it

表示“曾经到过某地(人已回来)”用“have/has been to”,表示“到某地去了(还未回来)”用“have/has gone to”.例如:

——Where is Li Hua? -He has gone to the

——She knows a lot about has been

短暂动词(即瞬间动词),join, lose, buy, borrow, leave, go, come, arrive, die, marry, finish, complete, begin, start, break out等,在完成时态中,其肯定式不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。例如不能说:He has finished the work for three 要翻译“他已完成工作三小时了。”可采用1)“ago法”:He finished the work three hours )“延续法”:He has been through(with)the work for three )“since法”:It is/has been three hours since he finished the

用来表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在(或今后还要继续一去)的动作。例如:He has been doing the maths problems since It has been raining for two

凡是不能用于现在进行时的动词均不能用于现成完成进行时。

表达特定的过去时间内发生的动作或存在的状况,或过去某一时间内经常发生或反复发生的动作或行为。

表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作(这一过去时间须用时间状语表示)。例如:He was preparing his lecture all day

表示动作在另一过去动作发生时进行。例如:They were still working when I

用在两个过去进行时动作同时发生。例如:I was writing while he was watching

表示过去将来动作。例如:He said she was arriving the next

表示在过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作。例如:He had shut the door before the dog came Everything had been all right up till this

表示动作或状态从过去某个时刻开始一直延续到另一个过去时刻才完成,甚至还要继续下去。例如:At the age of ten, he had learned 500 English He had been ill for a week when we learned about

常用hope, expect, think, intend, want, suppose等动词的过去完成时来表示未实现的希望、打算或意图。例如:We had expected that you would be able to win the

一般将来时表示将来要发生的动作和存在的状况。有下列一些形式:

do (侧重将来行为,不突出计划安排去做某事)

going to do (主观上打算或客观上可能发生)

doing (按计划将要发生,常和表示最近的将来时间连用)

about to do (按计划即将发生)

用来表示在将来某个时刻(前)将完成的动作。常和by短语,when, before引起的时间状语连用。例如:We will have finished senior Book 2 by the end of this

英语语法总结 第13篇

while的用法在英语中是比较重要的,那么具体该如何用,下文为同学们介绍!

连词while除具有“当时”、“同时”等意义外,根据上下文还有以下不同含义及其不同译法。

一、引导时间状语从句

译作“当……时”。例如:

1. Make hay while the sun shines.

趁着有太阳晒晒草。

(乘机行事,抓紧时机。)

2. We must work hard to gain more knowledge while we are young.

趁着现在还年轻,我们必须刻苦学习,获得更多的知识。

二、引导让步状语从句

常放在句首,译作“尽管”、“虽然”,比although或 though语气要轻。例如:

1. While I believe it is true, I cannot prove it.

虽然我相信那是真的,但我无法证明。

2. While any kind of athletic shoe can provide a certain amount of rebound,

energy-return sneakers are designed to maximize this effect.

虽然任何一种运动鞋都能提供一定的反弹力,但回力运动鞋能够使这种效果最大化。

三、引导条件状语从句

相当于as long as,译作“只要”。例如:

1. While there is life, there is hope.

有生命,就有希望。

2. While a spark of life remains, it is a doctors duty to save the patient.

只要病人还有一息生机,医生就有责任挽救。

四、引导原因状语从句

相当于since, 有“既然”的意思。例如:

1. Youll never save any money while youre so extravagant.

你这么奢侈,永远存不下钱来。

2. Id like to get it settled today while were at it.

既然我们着手干了,我想今天就把它干完。

五、连接并列句

表示对比,相当于whereas,译作“而”、“可是”。例如:

1. An outdoors man will soon become pale if he changes to an indoor job, while a desk clerk will take on a tan after a short vacation in the sun.

从事室外工作的人如果调到室内工作,不久肤色就会变白;而一个伏案工作的文员出去度个短假,就会被太阳变黑。

2. Motion is absolute while stagnation is relative.

运动是绝对的,而静止是相对的。

六、连接并列句

表示递进,相当于and what is more, 译作“并且”、“而且”。例如:

1. The new man-made fibres are more hardwearing than natural fibres and greatly reduce mending, while good ready-made clothes are cheap and plentiful.

新的人造纤维比天然纤维耐磨,因此能大大减少修补工作,而且做好的衣服价廉物美,数量也多。

2. Of course, I resolutely determined not to marry, while I quite forgot to consider at all that great rock of disaster in the working-class world-- sickness.

当然, 我下定决心不结婚,而且把工人阶级的巨大灾难——疾病,也忘得一干二净。

对于while的总结,希望同学们要理解!如果还有不懂的可以参考!

英语语法总结 第14篇

1 take part in/join in 参加

2 the spirit of 精神、宗旨、灵魂

3 used to 过去常常

4 find out 查明,找出

5 every four years 每四年,每隔三年

6 two sets of 两套,两组

7 allow sb. in(out) 允许进入(出去);

8 allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事(不能说allow to do)

9 allow doing sth. 允许干某事。

10 be/get married(强调状态)+ to(不能用with) sb 和……结婚

11 a set of 一套,一组

12 compete in… 在某方面竞争

13 compete for… 为……而竞争

14 compete with/against 与……竞争

15 be admitted to 获准做某事

16 be admitted as 作为…被接受

17 reach the standard 达到……水平、标准

18 play an important role/part in 在…方面扮演重要角色(起重要作用)

19 as well as 和……一样

20 thank you for your time 感谢您(能抽空……)

21 come from the same root 同根

22 have (no) chance of doing sth. 有(没)做……的机会

23 go with 伴随,与……搭配

24 relate…to… 把……与关联起来

25 relate with 和……有关

26 run against… 和……赛跑

27 hear of 听说

28 make sure 确定

29 take turns 轮流

30 one after another 一个接一个

31 make sure +that clause 确定

英语语法总结 第15篇

虚拟语气在一些特殊词中的使用或含蓄条件句

后的宾语从句。

与现在愿望不一致,用主语十过去时,例如:

I wi。hIwere

与过去愿望不一致,用主语+had+过去分词,例如:Iwish I had visited the White House whenI was in the States与将来愿望不一致,用主语+would (could)+原形。

's time句型:当lt's tine后用that从句时应该为主i吾+should+动词原形或主语十过去时,例如:It,s time thatyou went to 或It's time that you should go to schooL

3- If only引起的感叹句相当于“How I wish+宾语从句”。

(l)If only he could 他要能来就好了。

(2)If only I had known the 我要早知道答案就好了。

rather,as if(though)引导的从句也需使用虚拟语气,表示过去的情况用过去完成时,表示现在与将来的情况用过去时,例如:

(l)I'd rather you posted the letter right

(2)She loves the children as if they were

含蓄虚拟条件句含蓄条件句是指句中没有明显的虚拟条件句,而是利用其他手段来暗示存在虚拟条件。但是这类隐含式虚拟条件句往往都可以转化为if引导的条件句。常用来表示含蓄虚拟条件的手段有:

(1)介词或介词短语。如but for,but that,without,in case of, under more favorable condition等。

(2)连词。如so that, unless, in case, supposing,lest, provided(倘若……),for fear that(唯恐),in orderthat, on condition that, if only(要是……就好了)等。

注意:lest, for fear that和in case引起的从句中谓语动词多用should+动词原形,但也可以不用虚拟语气,而用动词的陈述语气形式。例如:The foreign teacher spokeslowly in case we misunderstood him这位外籍教师说得很慢以免我们误解。

(3)通过上下文及内在含义,句中往往有but,otherwise, unfortunately等类似转折词。

without, but for, otherwise引起的短语或句子常暗含着含蓄条件。例如:

①Without you,1 would never know him

②But for your oooperation, we wouldn't have done it

③But that she was afraid, she would have said .

④i would be most glad to help you, butI am busy

⑤I would have come to the party yesterday, but ljwas

⑥I am busy now, otherwise l would do you the favor!

现在完成时

1、 现在完成时的概念:现在完成时表示动作发生在过去,其结果对现在有影响。 例:Tom has gone out (go的动作发生在过去,对现在有影响)

2、 延续性动词可以和表示一段时间的时间状语连用;非延续性动词则不可以。 例:正确说法:The train has been in the station for two hours;

错误说法:The train has stopped in the station for two

(这辆火车进站停了两个小时)

延续性动词 非延期性动词

定义 动作有持续性,可以持续一段时间。如:live(居住)就可live一年两年。 运作在短时间内结束,不能延续。如marry(结婚)就不能marry一年两年。

例词 Listen,play,rain,work Arrive,begin,borrow,finish

3、现在完成时的构成:

(1)have(has)+过去分词:Tom has gone out。

(2)现在完成时的否定和疑问形式:否定形式在have、has后加not;疑问形式将Have、has提前,如Has Tom gone out。

(3)过去分词的概念及其变化形式:

概念:它和现在进行时中的“动词的ing形式”一样,只是英语中表达时态的一种固定形式。

变化形式:大多数动词的过去分词的外形和动词的过去式完全一样。只有那些不规则变化的动词,不运词的过去式不一样。具体参照“不规则动词表”。

英语语法总结 第16篇

非谓语动词的分类,意义,构成:

做宾语的非谓语动词比较:

非谓语动词做宾语补足语的区别:

非谓语动词做定语的区别:

非谓语动词做主语和表语的区别:

If和whether

if 和whether都能引导主语从句。只不过if 引导主语从句不放在句首,而放在句尾。句首用it 作先行词,而whether引导的主语从句可放在句首或句尾。

_有些语法书说if不能引导表语从句。而在实际阅读中if引导表语从句的句子也是有的。

The question is if we should go on with the

if 与whether不能互换的情况:

1、介词后用whether不用if It depends on whether he’s

2、不定式之前用whether, 不用if He worried whether to

3、名词之后用whether不用if The decision whether to see her was mine

4、whether可和or not直接连用,if不能。 I don’t know whether or not he is

5、引导让步状语从句用whether不用if: Whether you like it or not, you will have to do

6、如果宾语从句放在句首,用whether不用 Whether this is true or not, I can’t

7、如果宾语从句是个否定句,用if引导不用whether引导。 I don’t care if he can’t

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